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Physiology > GI-Gastric Secretions > Flashcards

GI-Gastric Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

The fundus and body contain … which is responsible for the secretion of HCl.

A

Oxyntic Gland Mucosa

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2
Q

The distal (antrum) contains … that produce Gastrin, and the Pyloric Gland Mucosa.

A

Endocrine G-Cells

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3
Q

What is the deepest portion of the Gastric Pit?

A

Peptic Cell Region

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4
Q

What type of cells are in the Peptic Cell Region and what do they produce?

A

Chief Cells; inactive pepsinogens (I and II)

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5
Q

What does the portion above the Peptic Cell Region, towards the stomach lumen, contain and what do they produce?

A

Parietal cells; HCl

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6
Q

What does the neck and opening regions of the gastric pit contain, the surface epithelium also contains this?

A

Mucus secreting cells

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7
Q

In the production of HCl in the Parietal Cells of the Gastric Glands, what mechanism is on the basolateral membrane?

A

Na/K-ATPase

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8
Q

In the production of HCl in the Parietal Cells of the Gastric Glands, what mechanism is on the apical membrane?

A

H/K-ATPase

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9
Q

HCO3- accumulates in the Parietal Cells and is exchanged across the basolateral membrane for …

A

Cl-

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10
Q

How is HCl formed in the gastric pit?

A

The Cl- within the cell (from exchange with bicarb) will follow the electrochemical gradient dictated but he movement of H+ across the apical membrane = HCl forming the gastric pit.

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11
Q

What are the most potent Secretagogues (stimulants) for HCl production and release?

A

ACh, Gastrin, and Histamine

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12
Q

In the 1 of 2 ways to inhibit HCl secretion: (pH regulation) Gastrin release from G-Cells is inhibited as acid (pH

A

D-Cells; Somatostatin

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13
Q

In the 1 of 2 ways to inhibit HCl secretion: As acid in the duodenum releases …, it will inhibit Parietal Cells directly reducing HCl production.

A

Secretin

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14
Q

What is the only thing that will inhibit D-Cells, stoping the inhibition of HCl production?

A

ACh

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15
Q

At what pH are Pepsinogens converted to Pepsin?

A

pH

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16
Q

Once active Pepsin demonstrates an … Activity by splitting … peptide bonds.

A

Endopeptidase; interior peptide bonds

17
Q

What is the most potent and most important stimulator in the release of Pepsinogen?

A

ACh

18
Q

What, released in response to Duodenal Chemoreception of acid will also stimulate the chief cells to increase production and release of Pepsinogen?

A

Secretin

19
Q

In the acid environment of the stomach the released Vit B12, from proteins, binds to … which protects B12 from digestion.

A

Haptocorrin

20
Q

Once the B12-Haptocorrin complex reaches the Duodenum and the pH becomes more neutral the … digest away the Haptocorrin.

A

pancreatic proteases

21
Q

After the release of Vit B12 from Haptocorrin, and while in a more neutral pH the B12 will bind …, needed for its absorption.

A

Intrinsic Factor

22
Q

What secretes Intrinsic Factor?

A

Parietal Cells

23
Q

A Vit. B12 deficiency produces …

A

Pernicious Anemia

24
Q

What is Pernicious Anemia usually associated with?

A

Achlorhydria, and/or lack of Parietal Cells

25
Q

What can mucus cells utilize to maintain a buffering barrier that is actually alkaline?

A

dead mucosal cells, and HCO3- from the Alkaline Tide produced by the Parietal Cells

26
Q

How does H. Pylori contribute to its own protection from acid and Pepsin?

A

By producing the enzyme Urease that converts Urea into Ammonia and Bicarb (promotes replication and growth)

27
Q

H. Pylori is the most common cause of what?

A

Peptic Ulcers

28
Q

What percent of the total response to a meal does the Cephalic Phase have on gastric acid secretion?

A

30%

29
Q

What percent of the total response to a meal does the Gastric Phase have on gastric acid secretion?

A

60%

30
Q

What percent of the total response to a meal does the Intestinal Phase have on gastric acid secretion?

A

10%

Physiology (16 decks)

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