Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > GI-Part 2 > Flashcards

GI-Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Jaw closing muscles include the: (3)

A

Masseter, Medial Pterygoid, Temporalis Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Jaw opening muscles are the: (2)

A

Lateral Pterygoid, Digastric Muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What innervates the jaw muscles?

A

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The chewing rhythm is generated by … to the chewing center from the pressure receptors.

A

afferent stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The chewing rhythm cycle of about … duration is repeated until the colts of food is swallowed.

A

1 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Chewing Reflex occurs when (initiated by) a … touches the lining of the mouth

A

blows of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What mediates the Chewing Reflex?

A

monosynaptic stretch reflexes are activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Deglutition (Swallowing) may be initiated … but after oral phase swallowing becomes exclusively …

A

voluntarily; reflexive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deglutition (Swallowing) is mediated through the…

A

Swallowing Center in the Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Buccal (Oral) phase of swallowing is initiated by …

A

Tactile Receptors in the back of the Mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the Afferents Tactile/Pressure Receptors associated with the Buccal (Oral) Phase of Swallowing (4)?

A

V-Trigeminal Nerve
VII-Facial Nerve
IX-Glossopharyngral Nerve
X-Vagus Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the added (5th) Efferent nerve associated with the Buccal (Oral) Phase of Swallowing?

A

XII-Hypoglossal Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing the Soft Palate and Uvula are pulled up and the … close to prevent …

A

Palatopharyngeal Folds close to prevent nasal reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing what accommodates around the bolus of food to squeeze it into the Esophageal Phase?

A

Pharyngeal Muscles (striated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What action in the Pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing inhibits respiration?

A

Vocal Cords contract to close the Glottis and Epiglottis covers the trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Esophageal Phase of Swallowing is through …

A

Primary Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In Primary Peristalsis the … contracts behind the bolus of food, beginning to propel the bolus of food down the Esophagus.

A

UES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In the Primary Peristalsis the … relaxes independent of and prior to the arrival o the Peristaltic Wave.

A

LES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In the Secondary Peristalsis what is not involved?

A

Pharyngeal Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Usually caused by the LES not maintaining complete closure.

A

Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

21
Q

Occurs when the LES fails to relax (open)

A

Achalasia

22
Q

Achalasia is usually due to problems with the …

A

myenteric plexus

23
Q

In Achalasia food accumulates in the esophagus (instead of the stomach) and causes …

A

secondary peristalsis

24
Q

What NT is impaired in pts with Achalasia?

A

NO levels are decreased

25
Q

Is a potent constrictor of the LES, and levels of it may be increased in pts with Achalasia.

A

Acetylcholine

26
Q

Gastric Reflux during pregnancy and in infants since … is not complete at birth.

A

Peristalsis circuitry

27
Q

The fundus and body of the stomach are very distensible (volumes may change from … to … with little change in internal pressure)

A

50 - 1500 mL

28
Q

What occurs upon swallowing allowing food to remain virtually unmixed for up to an hour, and allowing fats to flow to the top of the stomach for digestion by lingual lipase.

A

Receptive Relaxation

29
Q

What is the last to be digested in the stomach?

A

fats

30
Q

Receptive Relaxation is diminished by …

A

vagotomy

31
Q

Antrum of the Stomach has strong contractions; function is to mix chyme with gastric secretions, most mixing is due to retropulsion.

A

Astral-Pyloric Systole

32
Q

Is Gastric Emptying occurring faster or slower with a larger volume (meal)?

A

faster

33
Q

The rate of Gastric Emptying is slowed by …

A

high fat and protein concentrations

34
Q

In Gastric Emptying usually only particles smaller than … are emptied

A

0.2 mm

35
Q

Gastric Motility is decreased by: (3)

A

GIP, CCK, and SNS

36
Q

Gastric Motility is increased by: (3)

A
  • Distention (increase release of Gastrin from G-cells)
  • Closed Pyloric Sphincter
  • PSNS via Vagovagal Reflexes
37
Q

Where are the signals coming from that influence the Vagus Nerve during Cephalic Phase?

A

“above the chin” like conditioned reflex, smell, taste, sight

38
Q

In the Cephalic Phase of Digestion the efferent limb of regulation is the Vagus Nerve which can directly increase Stomach Motility by releasing …

A

Acetylcholine

39
Q

In the Cephalic Phase the Vagus Nerve can stimulate the release of … from cells located within the Antrum.

A

Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP)

40
Q

In the Cephalic Phase of Digestion the released GRP acts on nearby G-cells of the Antrum/Pylorus Region that release Gastrin, which then has what effect?

A

Gastrin is circulated through the stomach increasing motility at its target tissue the visceral smooth muscle

41
Q

The Gastric Phase of Digestion is similar to the Cephalic Phase except that the stimulus comes from …

A

Mechanoreceptors and Chemoreceptors within the Mucosal Lining of the Stomach (ENT)

42
Q

The neural stimuli of the Gastric Phase of Digestion is …

A

distention

43
Q

In the Intestinal Phase gastric emptying is decreased primarily through modification of …

A

decreasing the stomach SV

44
Q

In the Intestinal Phase chemoreceptors for … and … and to a lesser extent MechanoReceptors are stimulated in the Mucosal Lining of the Duodenum as Chyme enters from the Pylorus.

A

duodenal pH and osmolarity (decrease gastric emptying)

45
Q

The stimulatory effects of the Cephalic and Gastric Phases are significantly reduced through a series of neural reflexes

A

Enterogastric Reflex

46
Q

The Intestinal Phase is controlled by … and … which act to inhibit the release of GRP.

A

Secretin and GIP (and CCK)

47
Q

Stomach pain is mediated by …

A

SNS afferents in the mucosa

48
Q

Dumping Syndrome is the composite of dumping large bouts of osmotically active particles into the intestine thereby …

A

drawing water out of the blood, decreasing overall blood volume and pressure

Physiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions