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Physiology > GI-Salivary Secretions > Flashcards

GI-Salivary Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary control of the secretion of the salivary glands?

A

PSNS

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2
Q

What enzyme of saliva initiates the digestion of carbs?

A

a-amylase

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3
Q

What kind of bonds does a-amylase cleave?

A

internal a-1,4-glycosidic bonds

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4
Q

What enzyme of salivary secretions begins the digestion of triglycerides?

A

Lingual Lipase

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5
Q

What is released by the salivary gland with the function of binding to Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in the acid environment of the stomach?

A

Haptocorrin

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6
Q

What is secreted in the saliva as an immunological response against bacteria and viruses?

A

IgA

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7
Q

What is secreted in the saliva to chelate iron?

A

Lactoferrin

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8
Q

What is the largest of the salivary glands?

A

Parotid

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9
Q

What cells make up the Parotid gland and what do they produce large amounts of?

A

Serous cells; H2O, HCO3-, and enzymes

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10
Q

What percentage of the total volume of saliva does the Parotid gland produce at rest flow?

A

25%

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11
Q

What percentage of the total volume of saliva does the Parotid gland produce when stimulated?

A

80%

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12
Q

What kind of gland is the Submandibular gland considered, based on the type of fluid produced?

A

Mixed; mucus and serous

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13
Q

What is the major component of the Submandibular gland, that when at rest accounts for the largest component of salivary volume (~70%)

A

Mucus

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14
Q

What kind of gland is the Sublingual gland considered, based on the type of fluid produced?

A

Primarily mucus, with a small serous component

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15
Q

Where can smaller salivary glands be found?

A

tongue, lips, and palate

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16
Q

The Acinus of the salivary secretory unit is the round portion that is surround by Acinar Cell that produce …

A

the saliva and mucus

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17
Q

What surrounds the Acinar Cells that can aid in the expulsion of freshly secreted saliva out of the Acinus and into the Intercalated and Striated Duct Regions?

A

Myoepithelial cells

18
Q

The efferent impulses of the PSNS are distributed by what two nerves and mediated by what respective receptors?

A

Facial VII (muscarinic) and Glossopharyngeal IX (cholinergic)

19
Q

The SNS also stimulates the production of saliva, with its effects mediated through what receptors?

A

B-adrenergic receptors

20
Q

Higher Sympathetic outflow (during low PSNS stim.) stimulates … secretions, while also stimulating vaso-constiction thus reducing the … secretions.

A

mucus; serous

21
Q

Conditioned stimuli, smell, taste, chewing, and nausea stimulate … in the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Nuclei Salvatorii

22
Q

In the PSNS stimulation through CN VII and IX, what NT is released?

A

ACh

23
Q

ACh stimulates the salivary gland to increase its level of … that leads to an increase in cell Ca2+.

A

IP3

24
Q

The increased cell Ca2+ in the salivary gland stimulates what 5 things?

A

vasodilation, increased metabolism, myoepithelial cell contraction, increased secretion, and cell growth

25
Q

The higher stimuli trigger a Sympathetic Mediated response through the Thoracic Spinal Nerves, releasing ….(NT) to ….

A

ACh –> Superior Cervical Ganglion

26
Q

What NT does the SCG release?

A

NE

27
Q

What does NE increase in the salivary gland cell, that leads to an increase cell Ca2+?

A

cAMP

28
Q

What is another salivary gland regulatory mechanism that is released by the postganglionic fiber?

A

VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)

29
Q

What does VIP mediate?

A

vasodilation by increasing BF and volume secretion

30
Q

[K+] is higher in …

A

saliva

31
Q

Salivary Na+ and Cl- … than plasma.

A

less

32
Q

Salivary HCO3- is … than plasma except at LOW flow rates.

A

greater

33
Q

The ionic gradients of the Acinar Cells are set up by a basolateral …

A

Na/K-ATPase

34
Q

Na+ cycles inward in the Acinar Cell down the concentration gradient by cotransport with …

A

Cl-

35
Q

K+ diffuses out of the Acinar Cell down its electrochemical gradient, along with … across what membrane?

A

HCO3-; apical

36
Q

As the salivary secretion does past the Duct Cells what is reabsorbed?

A

Na+ and Cl-

37
Q

As the salivary secretion does past the Duct Cells what is secreted?

A

smaller amount of K+ and HCO3-

38
Q

The salivary ductal solution is … due to its impermeability to water.

A

hypotonic

39
Q

As flow past the Salivary Duct Cells increases, [Na+] and [Cl-] in the salivary lumen …

A

increase

40
Q

As flow past the Salivary Duct Cells increases, [K+] in the salivary lumen …

A

decreases slightly

41
Q

As flow past the Salivary Duct Cells increases, [HCO3-] in the salivary lumen …

A

increases because its secretion is increased by the same stimuli that increases the flow rate

42
Q

Salivary flow rate has what affect on pH?

A

increases because of the increase in HCO3-

Physiology (16 decks)

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