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Physiology > Body Fluids > Flashcards

Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the body weight is comprised of water in lean men?

A

70%

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2
Q

What percentage of the body weight is comprised of water in the average adult male?

A

60%

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3
Q

What percentage of the body weight is comprised of water in obese women?

A

50%

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4
Q

How much water is inside the human body, approximately?

A

40L

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5
Q

Under normal conditions the intake and output of water should be balanced at around …

A

2.5 L/day

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6
Q

Of the water outputs what is the primary site of regulation?

A

kidneys

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7
Q

The 40 L of fluid within the body are compartmentalized into four main body fluid compartments, what are they?

A
  1. Intracellular Space
  2. Interstitial Space
  3. Plasma
  4. Transcellular Spaces
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8
Q

Where is the fluid within the cells of the body?

A

Intracellular Space

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9
Q

What is the boundary of the Intracellular Space?

A

Plasma Membrane

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10
Q

Where is the fluid that bathes the cells of the body?

A

Interstitial Space

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11
Q

What is the boundary of the Interstitial Space?

A

It is the compartment between everything else, so it doesn’t really have a defined boundary.

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12
Q

What is the fluid within the blood vessels?

A

Plasma

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13
Q

What is the boundary of the Plasma?

A

Endothelial Cells

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14
Q

What is the space called that holds the fluid within the specialized fluid spaces of the body, such as the CSF, pleural, synovial, and peritoneal fluids?

A

Transcellular Spaces

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15
Q

What is the boundary of the Transcellular Spaces?

A

Epithelial Cells

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16
Q

What substances can pass through endothelial cell clefts?

A

Water, glucose, oxygen, WBCs, Sodium

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17
Q

What substances cannot pass through endothelial cell clefts?

A

RBCs & Large MW proteins

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18
Q

What substances can pass through the plasma membrane with intact channels/carriers?

A

Water, glucose, oxygen, sodium

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19
Q

What substances cannot pass through the plasma membrane with intact channels/carriers?

A

RBCs, Large MW proteins, WBCs

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20
Q

The ability of a solute to pass through a barrier is numerically described by a …

A

reflection coefficient

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21
Q

Which Body Fluid Compartment is the most restrictive?

A

Transcellular Spaces (epithelial cells)

22
Q

Which Body Fluid Compartment is the least restrictive ?

A

Plasma (endothelial cells)

23
Q

The plasma and interstitial fluid compartments are very similar in composition to one another in regards to …

A

low MW solutes

24
Q

What is the main difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid compartments in regards to permeability?

A

The plasma compartment typically retains large MW proteins that don’t escape into the interstitial fluid under normal conditions.

25
Q

What is the primary mechanism of transport for the solutes within the body fluids?

A

Diffusion

26
Q

Water itself can also move across the body fluid compartments via a process known as …

A

bulk flow

27
Q

The large-scale movement of water and dissolved solutes based on pressure gradients.

A

Bulk Flow

28
Q

The lymph body fluid compartment is considered a subset of what fluid type?

A

ECF

29
Q

Based on the number of molecules per volume of fluid

A

Molarity

30
Q

Based on the number of particles after dissociation per volume of fluid

A

Osmolarity

31
Q

Based on the amount of charged solute per volume of fluid.

A

Equivalency

32
Q

The Intracellular fluid has a greater concentration of what substances?

A

Potassium, Proteins & Phosphates

33
Q

The Extracellular Fluid (interstitial & plasma) has a greater concentration of what substances?

A

Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, & Bicarbonate

34
Q

Which of the extracellular components has a higher osmolarity?

A

Plasma, because of the large MW proteins stuck inside

35
Q

The body fluid compartments must have the same concentration of cations and anions.

A

Electroneutrality

36
Q

The negatively charge proteins that are stuck in the plasma, such as albumin, attract small cations into the plasma and repel small anions towards the interstitial space. This redistribution of cations and anions between the compartments is referred to as …

A

Gibbs-Donnan Effect

37
Q

Solute that dissolves in water but may or may not be able to penetrate the plasma membrane freely

A

Osmotic solute

38
Q

Solute dissolves in water, but are unable to penetrate the plasma membrane

A

Tonic solutes

39
Q

What is the volume of Intracellular Fluid?

A

25 L

40
Q

What is the osmolality of Intracellular Fluid?

A

290 mOsm

41
Q

What is the volume of Interstitial Fluid?

A

11 L

42
Q

What is the osmolality of Interstitial Fluid?

A

290 mOsm

43
Q

What is the volume of Plasma?

A

3 L

44
Q

What is the osmolality of Plasma?

A

300 mOsm

45
Q

What is the volume of the Extracellular Fluid?

A

14 L

46
Q

Isotope of water, equilibrates in the TBW

A

Titrated Water

47
Q

Large MW carbohydrate, equilibrates in the ECF

A

Inulin

48
Q

Binds to albumin, equilibrates in the plasma

A

Evan’s Blue Dye (EBD)

49
Q

Inulin is unable to penetrate the …

A

plasma membrane

50
Q

What is the dye dilution principle equation?

A

volume (mL) = Amount (mg) / Final Concentration (mg/mL)

Physiology (16 decks)

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