Neurons

Question 1

Somas of Sympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are located in the _________. Their synaptic knobs release ________.

Answer 1

lateral horn on T1-L2 segments of spinal cord

Ach

Question 2

Axons of Sympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are _________ (long/short) and are _______(far/close) to target organs.
________ __________ is an exception, and has ______ axons that exit through ______, and release _________.

Answer 2

SHORT, FAR

LONG, T5-T9, catecholamines

Question 3

Somas of Sympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are located in the _________.

Answer 3

Autonomic ganglia

Question 4

Axons of Sympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are _________ (long/short) and release _________ (on sweat glands, or blood vessels of skeletal muscle) or ________(on most other organs).

Answer 4

LONG, Ach, norepinephrine

Question 5

Which target organs have muscarinic receptors on them?

Answer 5

sweat glands, or blood vessels of skeletal muscle

Question 6

Somas of Parasympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are either located in the __________ and exit through craniel nerves ____________(4 of them), or the _________________ and exit through spinal nerves ________(3 of them).

Answer 6

BRAINSTEM, CN 3,7,9,10

Lateral gray matter of S2-4 of spinal cord, SN 2-4

Question 7

Axons of Parasympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are __________(long/short) and are ______(close to/far) to target organs.

Answer 7

LONG, CLOSE TO

Question 8

Somas of sympathetic and parasympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are located in the ________ ________.

Answer 8

autonomic ganglia

Question 9

Axons of parasympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are __________(short/long) and release ____________ at target organs. Their target organs contain ____________receptors.

Answer 9

SHORT, Ach

MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS

Question 10

Norepinephrine binds to what type of receptors?

Answer 10

Adrenergic receptors

Question 11

Which type of adrenergic receptor is responsible for vasoconstriction of vessels in the skin, GI tract &kidneys, contraction of arrector pilli, and uterus/ureters/internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 11

ALPHA-1

Question 12

Alpha 1 receptors have a _______affinity for epinephrine but there are ________ (high/low) numbers of them

Answer 12

MODERATE affinity

VERY HIGH numbers

Question 13

Beta 2 receptors have a _______affinity for epinephrine but there are ________ (high/low) numbers of them

Answer 13

HIGH affinity

LOW numbers

Question 14

__________makes myelin in PNS and _________ makes myelin in CNS.

Answer 14

Schwann Cells in PNS

Oligodendrocytes in CNS

Question 15

Which cranial nerve stimulates the PAROTID salivary gland?

Answer 15

CN IX

Question 16

Which cranial nerve controls the heart, lungs, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas,spleen, kidneys, proximal ureters, small intestine,proximal large intestine and ovaries/testes?

Answer 16

CN X

Question 17

Which Spinal Nerves (3 of them) control the distal lg intestine, distal uterus, urinary bladder, uterus, external genitalia, and accessory glands?

Answer 17

SN S1-S3

Question 18

Beta-1 Blockers compete with _______ released from SNS and ___________and _________ in blood at cardiac nodul tissue and in contracting myocytes.

Answer 18

norepi
norepi and epi
(B1 blockers bind with little effect on B2)

Question 19

Are Beta blockers competitive or non?

Answer 19

COMPETITIVE

Question 20

Albuterol is a Beta 2 _____________(agonist/antagonist)

Answer 20

agonist; helps bronchodilation of airway (smooth muscle)

Question 21

Are Alpha Blockers competitive or non?

Answer 21

can be either

Question 22

Alpha 1 Adrenoceptor antagonists block the binding of _____________ at smooth muscle receptors.

Answer 22

Norepi

Question 23

Which type of "non-selective adrenoceptor antagonists" cause irreversible blockade of post-ganglionic synapses in exocrine glands and smooth muscle.
A. Alpha 1
B. Alpha 2 
C. Beta 1
D. A & B

Answer 23

D. A & B

Question 24

Which adrenergic receptors inhibit insulin secretion from the pancreas and contract GI tract sphincters?

Answer 24

ALPHA 2

Question 25

Which adrenergic receptors stimulate heartrate and contractility, stimulate renin secretion from kidneys?

Answer 25

BETA 1

Question 26

Which type of adrenergic receptors vasodilate vessels going to heart, liver, skeletal muscles, and bronchodilate the lungs, relax uterine/ GI tract/ and bladder?

Answer 26

BETA 2