Neurons Flashcards
Somas of Sympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are located in the _________. Their synaptic knobs release ________.
lateral horn on T1-L2 segments of spinal cord
Ach
Axons of Sympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are _________ (long/short) and are _______(far/close) to target organs.
________ __________ is an exception, and has ______ axons that exit through ______, and release _________.
SHORT, FAR
LONG, T5-T9, catecholamines
Somas of Sympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are located in the _________.
Autonomic ganglia
Axons of Sympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are _________ (long/short) and release _________ (on sweat glands, or blood vessels of skeletal muscle) or ________(on most other organs).
LONG, Ach, norepinephrine
Which target organs have muscarinic receptors on them?
sweat glands, or blood vessels of skeletal muscle
Somas of Parasympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are either located in the __________ and exit through craniel nerves ____________(4 of them), or the _________________ and exit through spinal nerves ________(3 of them).
BRAINSTEM, CN 3,7,9,10
Lateral gray matter of S2-4 of spinal cord, SN 2-4
Axons of Parasympathetic PRE-ganglionic neurons are __________(long/short) and are ______(close to/far) to target organs.
LONG, CLOSE TO
Somas of sympathetic and parasympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are located in the ________ ________.
autonomic ganglia
Axons of parasympathetic POST-ganglionic neurons are __________(short/long) and release ____________ at target organs. Their target organs contain ____________receptors.
SHORT, Ach
MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS
Norepinephrine binds to what type of receptors?
Adrenergic receptors
Which type of adrenergic receptor is responsible for vasoconstriction of vessels in the skin, GI tract &kidneys, contraction of arrector pilli, and uterus/ureters/internal urethral sphincter?
ALPHA-1
Alpha 1 receptors have a _______affinity for epinephrine but there are ________ (high/low) numbers of them
MODERATE affinity
VERY HIGH numbers
Beta 2 receptors have a _______affinity for epinephrine but there are ________ (high/low) numbers of them
HIGH affinity
LOW numbers
__________makes myelin in PNS and _________ makes myelin in CNS.
Schwann Cells in PNS
Oligodendrocytes in CNS
Which cranial nerve stimulates the PAROTID salivary gland?
CN IX
Which cranial nerve controls the heart, lungs, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas,spleen, kidneys, proximal ureters, small intestine,proximal large intestine and ovaries/testes?
CN X
Which Spinal Nerves (3 of them) control the distal lg intestine, distal uterus, urinary bladder, uterus, external genitalia, and accessory glands?
SN S1-S3
Beta-1 Blockers compete with _______ released from SNS and ___________and _________ in blood at cardiac nodul tissue and in contracting myocytes.
norepi
norepi and epi
(B1 blockers bind with little effect on B2)
Are Beta blockers competitive or non?
COMPETITIVE
Albuterol is a Beta 2 _____________(agonist/antagonist)
agonist; helps bronchodilation of airway (smooth muscle)
Are Alpha Blockers competitive or non?
can be either
Alpha 1 Adrenoceptor antagonists block the binding of _____________ at smooth muscle receptors.
Norepi
Which type of "non-selective adrenoceptor antagonists" cause irreversible blockade of post-ganglionic synapses in exocrine glands and smooth muscle. A. Alpha 1 B. Alpha 2 C. Beta 1 D. A & B
D. A & B
Which adrenergic receptors inhibit insulin secretion from the pancreas and contract GI tract sphincters?
ALPHA 2
Which adrenergic receptors stimulate heartrate and contractility, stimulate renin secretion from kidneys?
BETA 1
Which type of adrenergic receptors vasodilate vessels going to heart, liver, skeletal muscles, and bronchodilate the lungs, relax uterine/ GI tract/ and bladder?
BETA 2
