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RRCCPA Physiology/Pathophysiology I > Lower Resp tract pathophys Barton Witwer Final > Flashcards

Lower Resp tract pathophys Barton Witwer Final Flashcards

1
Q

Name the structures in the airway from largest to smallest

Not sure if we need to know this, i just think it might be a good idea

A 
Trachea 
Bronchi 
Bronchiole 
Respiratoy bronchiole 
Alevolar duct 
Alveolar sac
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2
Q

Type one alveolar cells comprise the cell well while type two have the important function of producing_______. Which reduces ______ ______ and prevents alveolar collapse

A

Surfactant

surface tension

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3
Q

The respiratory membrane between the capillary and alevolus is about ______ to _____ micron
( an RBC is 8 microns )

A

.5 to 1 micron

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4
Q

A list of things that would prevent gas exchange in the alveoli and capillaries…. theres alot sorry!

A

Fluid in alveoli - blood, pus, edema
Surface active layer- decrease surface tension > collapse of alveoli, ARD, CHF, pnuemonia
Alveolar epithelium fibrosis
Interstitium/ interstitial fluid - fibrosis , CHF
Capillary epithelium
Plasma is capillary blood
Red blood cell membrane

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5
Q

Witwer would really like you to know that surfactant does what…

A

increases lung compliance

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6
Q

The primary muscle of inspiration are (there are three)

anything else is accessory

A

Diaphragm
external intercostals
Interchondral portion of the intercostal muscle

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7
Q

Active breathing occurs when

a. always
b. excercise and pathological states
c. only when sleeping

A

b.

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8
Q

this effing guy poiseuille made a law. Basically the ______ of the airway plays a big role in respiration

a. length
b. elasticity
c. diameter
d. blood flow

A

c. (straw analogy)

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9
Q

Pressure in the alveoli is _______ to the pressure in the environment

a. the same
b. less
c. more

A

a.

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10
Q

In obstructive respiratory diseases what is the source of the pathology, the airway or the ability of the lung to fuly expand

A

the airway

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11
Q

Elasticity is _____ related to compliance

a. directly
b. not related
c. inversley

A

c.

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12
Q

Elasticty is …..

A

recoil property of the lungs and chest wall

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13
Q

Compliance

A

measure of the ability of the lungs and chest wall to expand / distend (change in volume for a given pressure)

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14
Q

In restrictive disease the compliance is ______

A

low (the lungs are stiff)

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15
Q

increase in intrathoracic pressure will ______ the diameter of the airways and result in increased expiratory ______

a. decrease, resistance
b. increase, resistance
c. decrease, compliance

A

a.

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16
Q

One liter of blood hold ______ ml of O2

a. 300
b. 200
c. 400

A

b

17
Q

Ideal V/Q ratio is _____

a. 1.0
b. 1.5
c. 2

A

a. because the ideally one liter of blood should have 200 ml of o2 and one liter of air should have 200 ml of o2

200/200= you get it

18
Q

Ideal V/Q ratios do not acutally happen. Normally the ratio is actually ______.

A

.8

the alveolar ventilation in L/ min is 80 % of the value for pulm blood flow per minute

19
Q

Upper lungs have the _____ blood flow and ventilation. Lower lungs have ____

a. greatest, lowest
b. equal
c. Lowest, greatest

A

c.

20
Q

When there is perfusion but no gas exchange there is_____

A

right to left pulmonary shunt

in this situation there is alway hypoxemia. This hypoxemia cannot be corrected with oxygen admin

21
Q

In right to left cardiac shunts hypoxemia occurs not because there is no gas exchange but because there is ……

A

mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

dont get this confused with pulm shunts

22
Q

When there is ventilation and no perfusion there is ______

A

dead space

this can occur with a PE

23
Q

Value of total lung capacity

A

6 L

24
Q

value of tidal volume

A

.5 L

25
Q

Value of inspiratory reserve volume

A

3.0L

26
Q

Value of vital capacity

A

4.5 L

27
Q

Value of functional residual capacity

A

2.5 L

28
Q

value of residual Volume

A

1.5 L

29
Q

Value of anatomic dead space

A

150ml

30
Q

Alveoli that do not participate in gas exchange

A

functional dead space

31
Q

The acinar unit is composed of

A

bronchioles
alveoli
pulmonary blood vessels

RRCCPA Physiology/Pathophysiology I (23 decks)

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