Lower Resp tract pathophys Barton Witwer Final Flashcards
Name the structures in the airway from largest to smallest
Not sure if we need to know this, i just think it might be a good idea
Trachea Bronchi Bronchiole Respiratoy bronchiole Alevolar duct Alveolar sac
Type one alveolar cells comprise the cell well while type two have the important function of producing_______. Which reduces ______ ______ and prevents alveolar collapse
Surfactant
surface tension
The respiratory membrane between the capillary and alevolus is about ______ to _____ micron
( an RBC is 8 microns )
.5 to 1 micron
A list of things that would prevent gas exchange in the alveoli and capillaries…. theres alot sorry!
Fluid in alveoli - blood, pus, edema
Surface active layer- decrease surface tension > collapse of alveoli, ARD, CHF, pnuemonia
Alveolar epithelium fibrosis
Interstitium/ interstitial fluid - fibrosis , CHF
Capillary epithelium
Plasma is capillary blood
Red blood cell membrane
Witwer would really like you to know that surfactant does what…
increases lung compliance
The primary muscle of inspiration are (there are three)
anything else is accessory
Diaphragm
external intercostals
Interchondral portion of the intercostal muscle
Active breathing occurs when
a. always
b. excercise and pathological states
c. only when sleeping
b.
this effing guy poiseuille made a law. Basically the ______ of the airway plays a big role in respiration
a. length
b. elasticity
c. diameter
d. blood flow
c. (straw analogy)
Pressure in the alveoli is _______ to the pressure in the environment
a. the same
b. less
c. more
a.
In obstructive respiratory diseases what is the source of the pathology, the airway or the ability of the lung to fuly expand
the airway
Elasticity is _____ related to compliance
a. directly
b. not related
c. inversley
c.
Elasticty is …..
recoil property of the lungs and chest wall
Compliance
measure of the ability of the lungs and chest wall to expand / distend (change in volume for a given pressure)
In restrictive disease the compliance is ______
low (the lungs are stiff)
increase in intrathoracic pressure will ______ the diameter of the airways and result in increased expiratory ______
a. decrease, resistance
b. increase, resistance
c. decrease, compliance
a.
One liter of blood hold ______ ml of O2
a. 300
b. 200
c. 400
b
Ideal V/Q ratio is _____
a. 1.0
b. 1.5
c. 2
a. because the ideally one liter of blood should have 200 ml of o2 and one liter of air should have 200 ml of o2
200/200= you get it
Ideal V/Q ratios do not acutally happen. Normally the ratio is actually ______.
.8
the alveolar ventilation in L/ min is 80 % of the value for pulm blood flow per minute
Upper lungs have the _____ blood flow and ventilation. Lower lungs have ____
a. greatest, lowest
b. equal
c. Lowest, greatest
c.
When there is perfusion but no gas exchange there is_____
right to left pulmonary shunt
in this situation there is alway hypoxemia. This hypoxemia cannot be corrected with oxygen admin
In right to left cardiac shunts hypoxemia occurs not because there is no gas exchange but because there is ……
mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
dont get this confused with pulm shunts
When there is ventilation and no perfusion there is ______
dead space
this can occur with a PE
Value of total lung capacity
6 L
value of tidal volume
.5 L
Value of inspiratory reserve volume
3.0L
Value of vital capacity
4.5 L
Value of functional residual capacity
2.5 L
value of residual Volume
1.5 L
Value of anatomic dead space
150ml
Alveoli that do not participate in gas exchange
functional dead space
The acinar unit is composed of
bronchioles
alveoli
pulmonary blood vessels
