Cytokine Storm Flashcards
Small proteins secreted by a cell for intercellular signaling and communication are called?
Cytokines
__________ aid in regulation of INNATE immunity and activation of antiviral properties.
Interferon
_____________ stimulate the growth and differentiation of leukocytes, and are pro inflammatory.
Interleukins (IL)
________ control chemotaxis and recruit leukocytes.
Chemokines
_______ ________ ________ stimulate hematopoietic cell proliferation
Colony stimulating factors (CSF)
______ ________ _________ activates cytotoxic T cells and is pro inflammatory.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Before a cytokines storm, inflammation is local but spreads throughout the body via
_______ _________.
systemic circulation
__________ occurs in the tissues, causing a reduction in tissue perfusion.
Edema
A common consequence of the cytokines storm is ALI, or _____ _____ _____.
Acute lung injury; damage to alveoli results in fluid filled areas
What is the best 80’s movie: A. Ferris Beuller’s day off B. Breakfast Club C. Dirty Dancing D. Labyrinth E. Goodies F. The Never-ending Story G. All of the above are acceptable answers
G
Symptoms of the cytokines storm include headache, fever, nausea, rash, difficulty breathing, _______, and ________.
Hypotension; tachycardia
During Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), what are the 2 mechanisms that lead to lung damage?
Direct injury to the lung epithelium
Direct injury to the pulmonary capillaries
IL’s and TNF’s are recruited to the lungs and undergo further pro inflammatory effects in a _____________ feedback loop.
Positive
During ARDS, a decrease in PCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) leads to what?
Decreased drive to breathe
During ARDS, at first there is a dry cough, but as it progresses there is a pink frothy sputum. Why?
Due to hemorrhaging of the alveoli
