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RRCCPA Physiology/Pathophysiology I > Embryology/Histology Deck 2 > Flashcards

Embryology/Histology Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilized egg is called.

A

Zygote

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2
Q

Fertilized egg after zygote up to 8 weeks is called.

A

Embryo

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3
Q

After 8 weeks, embryo becomes what?

A

Fetus

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4
Q

Stem cells are ________ cells that can become specialized cells.

A

Undifferentiated

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5
Q

The zygote becomes a ___________, which is a hollow ball of cells.

A

Blastula

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6
Q

The blastula __________ and develops into the Gastrula.

A

Invaginates

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7
Q

The inner cell mass of blastocyst becomes the _______, while the outer trophoblast becomes the __________.

A

Embryo

Placenta

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8
Q

At 2-3 weeks you can see three germ cell layers in the Gastrula, which are?

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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9
Q

Ectoderm forms?

A

Outside skin, hair, nails, cornea, neural crest and neural tissues (CNS and PNS)

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10
Q

Mesoderm becomes what?

A

Middle skin: skeletal muscle, cartilage, bone, kidney, gonads, GI tract

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11
Q

Endoderm becomes what?

A

Inside skin: epithelium of GI and Respiratory, thyroid

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12
Q

The neural tube forms the hold in the spinal cord and the __________ in the brain.

A

Ventricles

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13
Q

Telencephalon becomes?

A

Cerebrum and basal ganglia

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14
Q

Diencephalon becomes?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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15
Q

Mesencephalon becomes?

A

Part of brain stem

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16
Q

Rhombencephalon becomes?

A

Pons, cerebellum, medulla

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17
Q

Supportive tissue of a structure is called?

A

Stroma=structure

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18
Q

Functional tissue of a structure/organ is called?

A

Parenchyma

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19
Q

Stains the nuclei blue?

A

Hematoxylin

20
Q

Stains the cytoplasm red

21
Q

3 things malignancies usually have in common are ?

A

Architectural distortion of tissue
A lot of nuclear material (blue)
Range of size and shape of nuclei

22
Q

6 types of epithelial cells are?

A 
Simple squamous (lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs, permits exchange of nutrients)
Simple cuboidal (lines kidneys, secretes and reabsorbs water and small molecules)
Simple columnar (lines GI tract, absorbs nutrients, produces mucus, has goblet cells)
Stratified squamous (skin, mouth, vagina, protects against abrasion, drying out, infection)
Stratified cuboidal (ducts of sweat glands, secretes water and ions)
Stratified columnar (lines mammary glands, epididymus, larynx, secretes mucus)
23
Q

Simple squamous cells are found where?

A

Lungs, blood vessels

24
Q

Simple cuboidal are found where?

A

Kidney tubules

25
Q

Simple columnar are found where?

A

Trachea (cilia and goblet cells), digestive tract

26
Q

Stratified squamous cells are found where?

A

Outer layer of skin

27
Q

Well differentiated tumors are usually?

28
Q

Well differentiated malignant tumors are?

A

Less aggressive

29
Q 
Tumor Node Metastasis classification
Explain for Tumor:
To
Tis 
T1-4
A

To: no evidence of primary tumor
Tis: tumor in situ
T1-4 ascending degree of tumor size and involvement

30
Q 
TNM classification
Explain for Nodes
No:
N1a, N2a
N1b-N3b
Nx
A

No : no abnormal regional nodes
N1a, N2a: regional nodes-no metastasis
N1b-N3b: regional lymph nodes-Mets suspected
Nx: regional nodes cannot be assessed clinically

31
Q

TNM classification
Explain for Metastasis
Mo
M1-3

A

Mo: no evidence of distant metastasis

M1-3, ascending degrees of metastatic involvement of host including distant nodes

32
Q

Tumor of glandular origin

33
Q

Benign tumor

34
Q

Malignant tumor or epithelial origin

35
Q

Malignancy of mesodermal origin, bone, muscle, fat, cartilage

36
Q

Benign tumors of epithelial tissue with glandular origin

37
Q

Grade IV astrocytoma is called?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

38
Q 
Connective tissue arises from the 
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Ectoderm
D. Neuroectoderm
A

B. Mesoderm

39
Q

Collage and polysaccharide strands are examples of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

40
Q

Ligaments, tendons, fascia, elastic fibers are examples of what?

A

Dense connective tissue

41
Q

Dispersed fibrous, elastic, and collagen supportive tissue around eyes, epiglottis are examples of ?

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

42
Q

Which tissue is prone to marked swelling with edema, such as CHG, epiglottis is, or laryngeal edema secondary to anaphylaxis?

A

Loose connective/areolar tissue

43
Q

This fibrous connective tissue is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.

44
Q

This fibrous connective tissue is an elastic protein in the extracellular matrix

45
Q

Extracellular matrix is also known as the?

46
Q

Scarring, pulmonary fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis are examples of what?

A

Fibrosis, a formation of excess fibrous connective tissue that can be benign, reactive, or pathological

RRCCPA Physiology/Pathophysiology I (23 decks)

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