Neuron Structure Flashcards
What is a Neuron?
A cell that specialises in receiving, transmitting and processing information.
Synapse
Are tiny gaps between the axon terminal and the dendrites
Provides connection between neurons
Neurotransmitters cross between this gap
Known as SYNAPTIC GAP
Cell Body (Soma)
Contains the nucleus that controls the maintenance and function of the cell (includes DNA).
Dendrites
Fine branches that protrude from the cell body. Receives information (chemical signals - neurotransmitters) from other neurons and sends it to the cell body as electrical signals.
Axon
Specialised for the purpose of transferring information over distance in the NS
Myelin Sheath
Protects the axon and assists with speedy transmission of electrical impulses.
Axon Terminals
Similar to dendrites
Takes AWAY the message from the cell body, converting it into neurotransmitters which as passed onto the next neuron.
Nodes of Ranvier
Are the gaps in the myelin sheath, they help speed up the transmission of the electrical signal/nerve impulses.
Neurotransmitters
After an electrical impulse travels down a neuron, it is then converted into specific chemical neurotransmitters that travel between neurons carrying a specific message.
They are produced by glands
Certain neurotransmitters will only attach to certain receptors to send the correct message.
Motor Neurons
Send signals from the CNS (Central Nervous System) to the organs, glands and muscles. They create action within these structures
Sensory Neurons
Sends information to the Central Nervous System based on external (e.g. temperature) or internal (e.g. hunger) stimuli
Interneurons
Transmit information between both types of neurons. Can act as an intermediary in reflex actions, rather than the signals going to the CNS
