Culture

Question 1

Attitudes

Answer 1

Long lasting evaluations and views we have about ourselves, other people, objects and issues
Vary in intensity & positivity/negativity/neutral

Question 2

3 components of attitudes

Answer 2

Cognition - thoughts & beliefs
Affect - feelings & emotions
Behaviour - actions

Question 3

Acquire attitudes through

Answer 3

Direct lived experiences
From observations of others
Absorbing attitudes from culture and cultural products

Question 4

Can you measure attitudes?

Answer 4

No, it’s a construct
But you can measure their effects and how strongly or weakly they are held.

Question 5

What does attitudes do?

Answer 5

Guides behaviours and choices, and can act as a protective mechanism

Question 6

Social learning

Answer 6

When we interact with others and observe others, we develop and create attitudes about what we are experiencing

Question 7

Prejudice

Answer 7

Pre-judement of something or someone
“Unjustifiable and usually negative attitude towards a group and its members”.

Question 8

3 components of Prejudice

Answer 8

Stereotypes: oversimplified views and concepts of a group
Negative Feelings: exhibited feelings of dislike and hostility towards an individual/s of a group
Acting Discriminatory: unequal treatment of people who have same rights as others

Question 9

Causes of prejudice

Answer 9

Just world phenomenon
Social Categorisation
Inter-group competition
Social influence

Question 10

Racism

Answer 10

Form of prejudice based on assumed racial differences and stereotypes

Question 11

How to reduce prejudice?

Answer 11

Inter-Group Contact - contact w/ diverse range of cultures, groups & working together is important

Question 12

Aronsen etal. (1978) - Jigsaw Classroom

Answer 12

Is collaborative in nature - children work together in sharing information to develop complete ‘picture’ of information and content being studied

Question 13

Cognitive Interventions

Answer 13

Strategies that try to change the way people think and attitudes about others

Question 14

Re-categorisation

Answer 14

Emphasises creating a category that cuts across different groups. It recognises both groups a person is a member of, and those that they are not

Question 15

Individualisation

Answer 15

Seeks to inform people about the individual’s character/views rather than seeing them as a stereotype

Question 16

Culture

Answer 16

Shared beliefs, behaviours, attitudes and traditions that are passed on from generation to generation

Question 17

Collectivist

Answer 17

People give priority to goals of the collective

Question 18

Individualistic

Answer 18

Oriented towards the self as an individual which is separate from the group

Question 19

Individualists

Answer 19

Able to deal w/ change more
Choose the relationships they have and groups they belong to

Question 20

Collectivists

Answer 20

Don’t deal w/ change well
Deep and stable ties to network of groups
Loyalty a very important value

Question 21

Cross cultures

Answer 21

Cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and clashes when people don’t understand the communication values and views being expressed

Question 22

Cross-cultural studies

Answer 22

Help to compare and contrast different cultures/nations

Question 23

Hofstede (1980)

Answer 23

Worked w/ businesses that were global
Needed to be able to deal w/ different rules and expectations
Identifying the similarities and differences helped w/ good communication and productivity.