Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Health KN602 > Neurology System > Flashcards

Neurology System Flashcards

1
Q

What score of the Glasgow coma scale is most likely to indicate airway compromise?

10, 13, 7, 11?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False?
Accurate and consistent use of the GCS can detect early changes in neuro status

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mrs brain has suffered a stoke and has a right hemiplegia. The damage is most likely in what area?

Right motor cortex
Left somatosensory cortex
Right somatosensory cortex
Left motor cortex

A

Left motor cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The area responsible for language comprehension located mainly in the left temporal lobe is what?

Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
Organ of corti
Bundle of his

A

Wernickes area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reflex activities related to the heart rate and blood pressure control are governed mainly by the?

Pons
Mid brain
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum

A

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

These 3 components make up the cranial contents

Brain tissue, parenchyma, and CSF
Blood, CSF and serous fluid
Brain tissue, blood and CSF
CSF, blood and circle of Willis

A

Brain tissue, blood, and CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The brain receives approximately what percentage of oxygen with cardiac output?

20%, 10%, 35%, 50%

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disorientation, restlessness, and confusion in a patient with rising intracranial pressure is related to what?

A

Altered cerebral blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HTN, bradycardia, severe headache and blurred vision in above T6 spinal cord injury is called what?

A

Autonomic dysreflexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fixed and dilated pupils can be caused by what?

A

Brain stem hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An explosive disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons is referred to as what?

A

A seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute severe headache, nausea, photophobia and unchallenged rigidity are symptomatic of what?

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the components of the Neurological assessment?

A

GCS and PERRLA and Limb Strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the monro kellie hypothesis state?

A

The sum of volumes of brain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intracerebral blood is constant and that an increase in one should cause a reciprocal decrease in either one or both remaining two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a localised/focal brain injury?

A

A coup - direct impact injury
Can also be a Contrecoup - secondary damage away from injury site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a widespread/diffuse brain injury?

A

A shearing/tearing injury of axons in the brain with high mortality rates and risk for coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cushings triad?

A

An indicator in nursing assessment to be concerned regarding raised ICP and pressure on the brain stem (i.e imminent death) with the following obs: Increased BP, Decreased HR, and Irregular RR

18
Q

What causes increased intra-cranial pressure?

A

An imbalance inside the cranium, typically following a brain injury or other medical condition that increases pressure inside the skull

19
Q

What is cerebral perfusion pressure?

A

The pressure required to perfuse oxygen through capillaries in the brain in order for it to preform essential function.

20
Q

A rise in ICP (intracranial pressure) greater than CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure) results in what?

A

Reduced blood flow to the brain as vessels are compressed from this pressure. Reduced blood flow will = reduced oxygen and glucose deliver = cerebral ischaemia

21
Q

What is cerebral ischaemia?

A

Reduced blood flow in the brain causing reduced oxygen and glucose to brain tissue

22
Q

How does the body react to cerebral ischaemia?

A

The sympathetic nervous system activates
Increasing BP and HR to try to increase cerebral perfusion Thus increase oxygen and glucose delivery

Baroreceptors detect the increased BP and activate the parasympathetic nervous system to lower BP by lowering HR.

Without intervention this cycle will continue.

23
Q

What is the result of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system cycle as a result of untreated cerebral ischaemia?

A

Continued increasing BP will cause a further increase in ICP (intracranial pressure) therefore an increase in cerebral ischaemia

This increasing pressure in the cranuim will eventually lead to compression of the brainstem - following this death is imminent

24
Q

What is a symptom of compression on the brainstem due to increased ICP?

A

Irregular breathing

25
Q

When you are handing over a shift and the patient is on regular GCS monitoring, what is it essential to do?

A

Go through a GCS alongside the other nurse - i.e bedside handover. To ensure assessment findings are consistent

26
Q

Fixed and dilated pupils (big and round) are an indication of what?

A

Impending death related to raised ICP

27
Q

Injury to the right side of the brain will cause which sided weakeness?

A

Left sided

28
Q

Injury to the left side of the brain will cause which sided weakness?

A

Right sided

29
Q

What is the mneumonic we can use to remember the main causes of neurological deterioriation?

A

AEIOU TIPSS

A Alcohol
E Epilepsy
I Insulin
O Opiates
U Uraemia

T Tumor
I Injury
P Psychiatric
S Stroke
S Sepsis

30
Q

What are the main causes of neurological deterioration?

A

Alcohol
Epilipsy
Insulin
Opiates
Uraemia

Tumor
Injury
Psychiatric
Stroke
Sepsis

31
Q

Priority nursing interventions for a patient having an ischaemic stroke?

A

Positioning (Head of the bed at 30 degrees)
Supplemental O2
Oral care
Maintenance of BP
Administer analgesia to reduce SNS response
Administer stool softeners to prevent constipation (reduced strain related increases to ICP)
Re-orientate patient to time and place to reduce anxiety
Pressure injury cares

32
Q

What is the pathophysiology of raised intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A

A rise in ICP greater than cerebral perfusion pressure ‘CPP’ results in reduced blood flow to the brain as vessels are squashed from the increased pressure. This will cause reduced oxygen and glucose delivery to brain tissues causing cerebral ischaemia

33
Q

Role of the thalamus?

A

Directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum

34
Q

Role of the hypothalamus?

A

Controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, and blood vessel constriction and dilation

Also has a role in emotions

35
Q

Role of the midbrain?

A

Responsible for eye and auditory reflexes

36
Q

Role of the pons?

A

Responsible for certain reflex actions

37
Q

Role of the medulla oblongata?

A

For regulating heart an blood vessel function, digestion, respiration, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, and blood pressure - it is the “Centre for respiration”

38
Q

Afferent spinal nerves do what?

A

Carry information from the body to the brain
They conduct inwards

39
Q

Efferent spinal nerves do what?

A

Carry information from the brain to the body
They conduct outwards

40
Q

Role of the somatic nervous system?

A

Carrys motor and sensory information i.e is responsible for all voluntary muscle movements

41
Q

Role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Fight or flight system. Defends the body when faced with a threat

42
Q

Role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Counter to the sympathetic nervous system, it brings the body back to normal countering the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Physical Health KN602 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions