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Physical Health KN602 > Blue Box Diagrams > Flashcards

Blue Box Diagrams Flashcards

1
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: O2
What are the Adverse Effects?

A

Toxicity with prolonged exposure to high O2 concentrations
Decreased affinity of Hb for CO2 in CO2 retainers (Haldane effect)

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2
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: O2
What are the precautions?

A

Oxygen therapy devices should not be used near an open flame due to its high combustibility

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3
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: O2
What are we monitoring?

A

Sp02, RR, PaO2 (ABG), colour.

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4
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: O2
What patient education are we giving?

A

Correct administration and use of oxygen delivery devices.

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5
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: O2
What are we treating?

A

Treatment of hypoxaemia by increasing alveolar O2 tension. The aim is achieve a normal or near normal oxygen saturation for an individual patient.

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6
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: O2
What is the pharmacodynamics behind this drug?

A

Oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation. It acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis.

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7
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: O2
What is the pharmacokinetics behind this drug?

A

Oxygen is largely inhaled into the alveoli and diffuses into the capillary bed. Oxygen combines with haemoglobin, with a small amount being dissolved in the plasma. Oxygen is metabolised in the tissues almost entirely in the mitochondria, where oxidative enzymes reduce the oxygen in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Excretion of oxygen metabolites (CO2 and H20) is via the lung and renal system.

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8
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist SABA)
What is the pharmacokinetics behind this drug?

A

Onset by inhalation is rapid (5-15mins).
Peak effect reached in 1-2 hours.
Metabolised in liver and excreted in the kidneys.

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9
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist SABA)
What is the pharmacodynamics behind this drug?

A

Salbutamol is a B2-adrenergic agonist and stimulates B2-adrenergic receptors. Binding to these receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles.

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10
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist SABA)
What is the goal of this drug?

A

It is a bronchodilator that works to relief symptoms during maintenance treatment of asthma and COPD; and prevention or treatment of exercise/allergen induced bronchospasm.

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11
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist SABA)
What are the adverse effects of this drug?

A

Tachycardia, headache, nervous tension, fine hand tremor, hypotension
Hyper/hypokalaemia (which may cause weakness, fatigue, tremors, and muscle spasm)

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12
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist SABA)
What is the required patient education for this drug?

A

Common side effects to expect
Appropriate delivery of the inhaler (inc spacer and mouth care)
and
Asthma & COPD action plans

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13
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist SABA)
What are some contraindications of this drug?

A

Caution with CVD, diabetes, and HTN
Inhaler may also contain lactose

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14
Q

When administering a drug as an RN you will need to be aware of the following:
Drug: Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist SABA)
What are the monitoring requirements of this drug?

A

Peak flow measurements before and after administration can help determine effectiveness.

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15
Q

What are the common side effects of omeprazole (losec)?

A

Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, flatutence, nausea, and vomiting along with headaches

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16
Q

What are some significant drug interactions to be aware of for Omeprazole (Losec)?

A

Diazepam
Ketoconazole
Litraconazole
Digoxin

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17
Q

What kind of medication is omeprazole (losec)?

A

Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

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18
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics of Omeprazole?

A

They suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen - potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells.

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19
Q

What is the pharmacokinetics of Omeprazole (Losec)?

A

PO, half-life somewhere between 30mins and 2 hours with the duration of action. (3-5 days)

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20
Q

What do we need to monitor for, with a patient taking omeprazole (losec)?

A

Watch for worsening symptoms of an underlying condition

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21
Q

What is the patient education required for a patient taking omeprazole (losec)?

A

Take missed dose as soon as remembered (do not double dose), store under 25 degrees, and be aware a rebound effect may occur

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22
Q

What is a rebound effect?

A

Rebound effects are the transient return of symptoms for which a medication has been prescribed (e.g., insomnia or anxiety)

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23
Q

What are the side effects of GTN (Glyceryl Trinitrate Antianginal)?

A

Flushing, Headache, Dizzyness, and rarely dry mouth

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24
Q

What are the contra-indications for GTN?

A

Viagra, ETOH, and a heart rate of below 50bpm.

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25
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics for GTN?

A

Antagonises NO receptors = relaxes smooth muscle. This dilates the veins and arteries hence reducing BP

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26
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of GTN?

A

Sublingual and dermal, with a rapidly metabolised short duration

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27
Q

What’s the indications of use for GTN?

A

Chest pain/angina

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28
Q

What are the monitoring requirements for while a patient is taking GTN?

A

BP and HR

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29
Q

What is the patient education for GTN?

A

Advise the patient to rest and stay sitting while taking the medication, if standing after do so slowly.

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30
Q

What are the indications of use for morphine sulfate?

A

Analgesia/sedation

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31
Q

What are the side effects of morphine sulfate?

A

Sedation, dizzyness, nausea, constipation, and hallucinations

32
Q

What are the side effects of morphine sulfate?

A

Sedation, dizzyness, nausea, constipation, and hallucinations

33
Q

What are the contra-indications for morphine sulfate?

A

Respiratory depression, severe asthma, TBI, and acute abdomen pain

34
Q

Monitoring requirements for a patient taking morphine sulfate?

A

RR, BP and HR

35
Q

Patient education for a patient taking morphine sulfate?

A

Careful mobilising, avoid ETOH, and avoid other opiates

36
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics for morphine sulfate?

A

Opiod mu-receptor antagonist. Which targets the CNS opiate receptors depressing the CNS, RR, and GI. Also causes vasodilation

37
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of morphine sulfate?

A

Oral, IM, IV, PR with a short half life

38
Q

What are some other names for morphine sulfate?

A

Morphine sulfate (IV) oxynorm, sevredol, and MS Contin

39
Q

What are the monitoring requirements for low dose aspirin (NSAID)?

A

Monitor for signs of increased bleeding, or peptic ulcer disease

40
Q

What is the patient education for a patient taking low dose aspirin (NSAID)?

A

Do not take if you have a history of peptic ulcer disease, asthma, or uncontrolled high blood pressure and take with food

41
Q

What are some common adverse effects for low dose aspirin (NSAID)?

A

GI bleeding, and acute renal insufficiency

42
Q

What are the contra-indications for low dose aspirin (NSAID)?

A

Asthma, GI bleeding, and peptic ulcers + Significant drug interactions with some vaccines, ginko biloba, and SSRIs

42
Q

What are the indications for use for low dose aspirin (NSAID)?

A

Anti-platelet (reduces platelet count and can help to thin the blood and break clots)

43
Q

What are the monitoring requirements for Atorvastatin/Lipitor?

A

Liver function monitoring

44
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics for low dose aspirin (NSAID)?

A

Impedes clotting by blocking prostaglandin synthesis preventing the formation of platelet-aggregating substance thromboxane A2- works for lifespan of platelet

45
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics for low dose aspirin (NSAID)?

A

PO, IV, PR - rapidly absorbed peak serum levels reached 60mins. Is it rapidly absorbed from the stomach and rapidly metabolised by tissue and converted to acetic acid and salicylate. Salicylate binds to plasma protein for distribution and is excreted via the kidneys.

46
Q

What are the indicators of use for atorvastatin / Lipitor?

A

To reduce the risk of a heart attack and stroke by lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

47
Q

What is the patient education for atorvastatin / Lipitor?

A

Avoid grapefruit juice, drink minimal alcohol, and take any time during the day with or without food.

48
Q

What are the contraindications for atorvastatin / Lipitor?

A

Avoid in pregnancy and with liver disease

49
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics for atorvastatin / Lipitor?

A

Lowers plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein levels - the liver is the primary site of action

50
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin / Lipitor?

A

PO - mean elimination half-life values range from 11-24 hours

51
Q

What are the common side effects with atorvastatin / Lipitor?

A

Dyspepsia, nausea, flatulence, diarrhoea, muscle pain, tenderness or weakness

52
Q

GTN is a what?

A

Nitrate

53
Q

Morphine is a what?

A

Opiate

54
Q

Aspirin is a what?

A

NSAID

55
Q

Atorvastatin is a what?

A

Statin

56
Q

What are the monitoring requirements for metoprolol (beta blocker)?

A

BP and HR

57
Q

Patient education for metoprolol (Beta blocker)?

A

Do not abruptly stop the medication, modified release tablets can be halves or swallowed whole - do not crush or chew

58
Q

Side effects of metoprolol (beta blocker)?

A

Dizziness, nausea, fatigue, and bradycardia

59
Q

What are the contraindications for metoprolol (beta blocker)?

A

Avoid in patients with a history of asthma - can precipitate bronchospasm and do not confuse immediate release and modified release

60
Q

Indications of use for metoprolol (beta blocker)?

A

Hypertension, angina, heart failure, arrhythmias, post-myocardial infarction, migraine prophylaxis

61
Q

Pharmacodynamics of metoprolol (beta blocker)?

A

B1 selective B blocker reduces or inhibits the agonistic effect of catecholamines on the heart

62
Q

Pharmacokinetics of metoprolol (Beta blocker)

A

PO, IV - mean elimination half-life of metoprolol in plasma is 3-5 hours

63
Q

What are the common side affects of ace inhibitors such as cilazapril and enalapril?

A

Dehydration, hyperkalaemia, and dry couch

64
Q

What are the monitoring requirements for ace inhibitors such as cilazapril and enalapril?

A

Maintain BP and HR, fluid balance and weight documentation, and watch urine output.

65
Q

What is the required patient education for ace inhibitors such as cilazapril and enalapril?

A

Take at the same time, ensure regular BP checks and blood checks, and avoid alcohol use.

66
Q

What are the contraindications for ace inhibitors such as cilazapril and enalapril?

A

Significant drug interactions, precautions with kidney function, rash, and liver impairment.

67
Q

What are the parmacodynamics for ace inhibitors such as cilazapril and enalapril?

A

It prevents angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2 and prevents the constriction of blood vessels and angiotensin 1 from secreting aldosterone i.e promoting diuresis

68
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics for ace inhibitors such as cilazapril and enalapril?

A

PO and IV. It binds to tissue and plasma protein, often by glomerular filtration, absorbed and eliminated rapidly. Lowering BP and HR and increasing UO.

69
Q

What are the indications of use for ace inhibitors such as cilazapril and enalapril?

A

For the treatment of fluid volume excess in heart failure and HTN.

70
Q

What are the indications of use for Frusemide (Frusid and Lasix) - a Loop Diuretic.

A

For the treatment of oedema associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, renal impairment and nephrotic syndrome

71
Q

What are the side effects for Frusemide (Frusid and Lasix) - a Loop Diuretic?

A

Electrolyte disturbance, dizziness, postural hypotension and ototoxicity (hearing/balance problems)

72
Q

What are the monitoring requirements for a patient taking Frusemide (Frusid and Lasix) - a Loop Diuretic?

A

Weight, BP, HR/Pulse, electrolytes, and fluid balance.

73
Q

What is the required patient education for a patient taking Frusemide (Frusid and Lasix) - a Loop Diuretic?

A

Take with food, take with a possible potassium supplement, report any ringing in the ears, abdo pain, muscle weakness, and/or cramps.

74
Q

What are the drug interactions for Frusemide (Frusid and Lasix) - a Loop Diuretic?

A

Interacts with several including aminoglycoside, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antidiabetic medication ect

75
Q

What are the pharmacodynamics for Frusemide (Frusid and Lasix) - a Loop Diuretic?

A

Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of henle

76
Q

What are the pharmacokinetics for Frusemide (Frusid and Lasix) - a Loop Diuretic?

A

PO, IV. Highly protein bound, oral half life of 1-2 hours, peak effect at 1hr. IV peak effect at 30mins.

Physical Health KN602 (32 decks)

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