Introduction to neurology Flashcards
What is the purpose of the neurological system?
To coordinate all activities of the body and enable to body to respond and adapt to change
What 2 main sections is the neurological system split into?
Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system
What are the 2 main components of the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
What are the 6 main sections of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
What is the role of the spinal cord in the central nervous system?
To link the brain and the nerves in the rest of the body
What are the 4 regions of the spinal cord?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and spinal nerves
What are the two types of spinal nerves in the spinal cord?
Afferent and efferent
What are the two major hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Right and left cortex
The right and left cortex of the cerebrum and split into how many and what components?
4 lobes (Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital)
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Reasoning and thought
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Integrating sensory information
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Processing auditory information from the ears
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Processing visual information from the eyes
What are the functions of the Cerebellum
Muscle coordination
Balance
Posture
Muscle tone
Where is the cerebellum located?
Below the cerebrum and above the 1st cervical of the neck
What are the four components of the Diencephalon?
Epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus.
What is the function of the thalamus?
Directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Controls and regulates temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, blood vessel constriction, and dilation.
Also has a role in emotions such as: anger, fear, pleasure, pain, and affection.
Where is the midbrain located?
Below the cerebrum
What is the midbrain responsible for?
Eye and auditory reflexes
Where are the pons located?
Locate below the midbrain (in brainstem)
What are the pons responsible for?
Certain reflec actions
Where is the medulla oblongata located?
At the bottom of the brainstem connecting to the spinal cord.
The medulla oblongata is the centre for what?
Centre for respiration
What does the medulla oblongata regulate?
Heart + blood vessel function Digestion Respiration Swallowing Coughing Sneezing Blood pressure
What are afferent spinal nerves?
Nerves that carry information from the body to the brain
What are Efferent spinal nerves?
Nerves that carry information from the brain to the body
What is the peripheral nervous system?
The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
What two systems is the peripheral system split into?
Somatic and Autonomic
What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?
Carrying motor and sensory information.
All voluntary muscle movements
Processing sensory information from external stimuli (hearing, touch, and sight)
What is the somatic nervous system made up of?
Nerves that connect to the skin, sensory organs, and skeletal muscles
Afferent sensory neurons conduct which way?
inwards
Efferent sensory neurons conduct which way?
outwards
Where do afferent neurons take information from?
Nerves. Which then transport information to the CNS
Where to efferent neurons take information from?
The CNS. which transport information to the muscle fibres throughout the body
What 2 components is the autonomic system split into?
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?
“Fight or flight”
This system revs up the body to either defend the body from a threat or escape from the threat
What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
It is counteractive to the sympathetic nervous system - it brings all systems of the body back to normal
