Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

What condition includes deficits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning across conceptual, social, and practical domains?

Answer 1

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 2

What disorder is characterized by difficulties in day-to-day activities that reflect the severity of cognitive deficits and the level of assistance provided?

Answer 2

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 3

Which condition is associated with challenges in conceptual understanding, social interactions, and judgment?

Answer 3

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 4

What disorder can be caused by factors such as deprivation, abuse, neglect, prenatal exposure to drugs or disease, complications during birth, infections, or head injuries?

Answer 4

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 5

Phenylketonuria, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Down Syndrome, and Fragile X Syndrome are associated with which disorder?

Answer 5

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 6

Which disorder is typically non-progressive but can show periods of worsening and stabilization, or progressive decline in some cases?

Answer 6

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 7

What diagnosis is made when an individual’s intellectual functioning is 2 standard deviations below the mean?

Answer 7

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 8

Which disorder is considered lifelong and typically presents in early developmental stages?

Answer 8

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 9

What condition commonly co-occurs with disorders such as ADHD, depressive and bipolar disorders, anxiety, ASD, stereotypic movement disorder, and major neurocognitive disorders?

Answer 9

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Question 10

Components of Intellectual Functioning

Answer 10

1. Verbal Comprehension
2. Working Memory
3. Perceptual Reasoning
4. Quantitative Reasoning
5. Abstract Thought
6. Cognitive Efficacy

Question 11

According to the DSM-IV, what level of intellectual disability is associated with an IQ of 50–69 and the ability to live independently with intermittent support?

Answer 11

Mild

Question 12

What severity level corresponds to an IQ of 36–64 and requires moderate levels of support in daily life?

Answer 12

Moderate

Question 13

Which intellectual disability level is defined by an IQ of 20–35 and requires daily assistance and extensive support?

Answer 13

Severe

Question 14

What is the severity level of intellectual disability for individuals with an IQ below 20 who need 24-hour care and pervasive support?

Answer 14

Profound

Question 15

Individuals with profound intellectual disability often have what type of medical condition?

Answer 15

Congenital syndrome

Question 16

What diagnosis is used for children under 5 years old who fail to meet expected developmental milestones in multiple areas of functioning?

Answer 16

Global Developmental Delay

Question 17

What disorder involves difficulties in the acquisition and use of language due to deficits in comprehension and production?

Answer 17

Language Disorder

Question 18

Which disorder is characterized by reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure, and impairments in discourse?

Answer 18

Language Disorder

Question 19

Children with which disorder may appear shy or reticent to talk and might adapt to their language limitations?

Answer 19

Language Disorder

Question 20

What should be considered during assessment to avoid misdiagnosis of a language disorder?

Answer 20

Regional, social, or cultural/ethnic variations

Question 21

What condition should not be confused with Language Disorder due to early signs of social communication decline in the first two years of life?

Answer 21

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Question 22

What disorders are commonly associated with Language Disorder?

Answer 22

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Question 23

What disorder is characterized by difficulty in the production of speech sounds, making speech hard to understand?

Answer 23

Speech Sound Disorder

Question 24

By what age should most children’s speech be intelligible, making continued simplification a concern?

Answer 24

3 years old

Question 25

What condition involves continued use of immature phonological processes even after the expected age of speech clarity?

Answer 25

Speech Sound Disorder

Question 26

What disorder has a poorer prognosis when it co-occurs with Language Disorder?

Answer 26

Speech Sound Disorder

Question 27

What selective condition may develop in children with persistent Speech Sound Disorder?

Answer 27

Selective Mutism

Question 28

What disorder involves inappropriate disturbances in fluency and timing of speech for a child’s age and language level?

Answer 28

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Question 29

What fluency disorder can present either insidiously or more suddenly in onset?

Answer 29

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Question 30

Which disorder involves difficulty in the social use of both verbal and nonverbal communication?

Answer 30

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Question 31

What disorder is characterized by problems with using language in context, such as understanding conversational rules or metaphors?

Answer 31

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Question 32

What distinguishes Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder from Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Answer 32

It lacks the restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities seen in ASD.

Question 33

What neurodevelopmental disorder involves deficits in communication, restrictive/repetitive behaviors, and impaired social interaction?

Answer 33

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Question 34

In what stage of life are signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder usually evident?

Answer 34

Early Childhood

Question 35

Which disorder is characterized by failure to develop age-appropriate social relationships, social reciprocity, and nonverbal communication?

Answer 35

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Question 36

What is the term for the ability to share focus on an object or event with another person, which is often impaired in ASD?

Answer 36

Joint Attention

Question 37

What behavior in ASD refers to resistance to changes in routine or environment?

Answer 37

Maintenance of sameness

Question 38

What developmental features help differentiate ADHD from ASD?

Answer 38

The absence of restrictive/repetitive behaviors and unusual interests in ADHD

Question 39

When should a concurrent diagnosis of ADHD be considered in a child with ASD?

Answer 39

When attentional difficulties or hyperactivity exceed what is typical for individuals of similar mental age

Question 40

Which disorder is one of the most common comorbidities seen in individuals with ASD?

Answer 40

ADHD

Question 41

When is it appropriate to diagnose ASD in an individual with Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)?

Answer 41

When social communication and interaction are significantly impaired relative to the individual’s nonverbal skills

Question 42

What diagnosis is more appropriate when there is no discrepancy between social communication and other intellectual skills?

Answer 42

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

Question 43

What diagnosis supersedes Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder when criteria for both are met?

Answer 43

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Question 44

What should be carefully evaluated to differentiate ASD from Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder?

Answer 44

Past or current restricted/repetitive behaviors

Question 45

What genetic disorder, mostly affecting females, is associated with hand-wringing and poor coordination?

Answer 45

Rett Disorder

Question 46

What two factors contribute to the development of ASD, according to current research?

Answer 46

Genetic factors and brain damage combined with psychosocial influences

Question 47

What disorder is defined by a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning for at least 6 months?

Answer 47

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Question 48

What disorder is indicated by behaviors such as losing things, forgetting daily tasks, and being easily distracted?

Answer 48

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Question 49

What condition involves hyperactivity that manifests as fidgeting, standing when seated, and being “on the go”?

Answer 49

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Question 50

For a diagnosis of ADHD, symptoms must be present in how many settings?

Answer 50

Two or more settings

Question 51

In preschool-aged children, what is the main manifestation of ADHD?

Answer 51

Hyperactivity

Question 52

What distinguishes ADHD-related movements from stereotypic movements?

Answer 52

ADHD movements are generalized and not repetitive or stereotypic

Question 53

For an individual with Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), what qualifies them for an additional diagnosis of ADHD?

Answer 53

Inattention or hyperactivity must be excessive for their mental age

Question 54

What disorder involves difficulty learning and using academic skills for at least 6 months, despite targeted interventions?

Answer 54

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Question 55

Which condition is diagnosed when academic performance is significantly below expectations for age, IQ, and education?

Answer 55

Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)

Question 56

What disorder is marked by poor acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills for the child’s age?

Answer 56

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Question 57

Clumsiness, slowness, and inaccuracy in motor tasks are key signs of what developmental disorder?

Answer 57

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Question 58

What disorder involves repetitive, seemingly purposeless motor behaviors that may result in self-injury?

Answer 58

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Question 59

What is the diagnosis when a person has both motor and vocal tics for more than 1 year?

Answer 59

Tourette’s Disorder

Question 60

What is the diagnosis for the presence of only motor or only vocal tics, but not both, for more than 1 year?

Answer 60

Persistent (Chronic) Tic Disorder

Question 61

What diagnosis applies when motor and/or vocal tics have been present for less than 1 year?

Answer 61

Provisional Tic Disorder

Question 62

What type of movement is involuntary rhythmic, repetitive, predictable, appears purposeful, and often serves a self-soothing function?

Answer 62

Motor Stereotypies