Neurocognitive Disorders

Question 1

What term is used to describe widespread damage in the brain?

Answer 1

Diffuse

Question 2

What type of brain damage involves specific, localized areas?

Answer 2

Focal

Question 3

What neurocognitive condition is characterized by impaired consciousness and cognition developing over hours or days?

Answer 3

Delirium

Question 4

What condition causes individuals to appear confused, disoriented, and out of touch with their surroundings?

Answer 4

Delirium

Question 5

What neurocognitive disorder is often associated with disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle, such as daytime sleepiness and nighttime agitation?

Answer 5

Delirium

Question 6

Which condition can occur in children due to high fever or certain medications?

Answer 6

Delirium

Question 7

Is delirium considered a reversible condition?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What condition may occur during the course of dementia and may lead to full recovery with or without treatment?

Answer 8

Delirium

Question 9

What disorder involves gradual deterioration of memory, judgment, language, and other advanced cognitive processes?

Answer 9

Major Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 10

What neurocognitive disorder refers to early stages of cognitive decline with some preserved functioning through accommodations?

Answer 10

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 11

What term is used to describe a group of symptoms that severely affect memory, thinking, and social abilities enough to interfere with daily life?

Answer 11

Dementia

Question 12

What is the most common type of neurocognitive disorder, usually occurring after age 65?

Answer 12

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 13

What is the most prominent symptom of Alzheimer’s Disease?

Answer 13

Memory Impairment

Question 14

What are early symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease?

Answer 14

Mild memory problems, lapses of attention, and difficulties in language and communication

Question 15

What are senile plaques in Alzheimer’s Disease made of?

Answer 15

Beta-amyloid protein

Question 16

Twisted protein fibers that form within certain neurons

Answer 16

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Question 17

What causes failure to learn new associations in Alzheimer’s patients?

Answer 17

Inability to integrate new information

Question 18

What are some common cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer’s?

Answer 18

Anomia, Apraxia, Agnosia, Amnesia, Aphasia

Question 19

How does cognitive deterioration progress in Alzheimer’s?

Answer 19

Slow in early and later stages, more rapid during middle stages

Question 20

What neurocognitive condition results from blocked or damaged blood vessels in the brain?

Answer 20

Vascular Injury

Question 21

What cognitive abilities are commonly affected by vascular injury?

Answer 21

Speed of information processing and executive functioning

Question 22

What condition involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal regions of the brain?

Answer 22

Frontotemporal Degeneration

Question 23

What areas of functioning are primarily affected by Frontotemporal Degeneration?

Answer 23

Personality, language, and behavior

Question 24

What rare neurological condition produces symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s but typically appears earlier in life?

Answer 24

Pick’s Disease

Question 25

At what age does Pick’s Disease usually begin?

Answer 25

In the 40s or 50s

Question 26

What condition is diagnosed when symptoms like executive dysfunction and memory problems persist for at least one week after trauma?

Answer 26

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Question 27

What disorder involves the buildup of protein deposits called Lewy Bodies in neurons?

Answer 27

Lewy Body Disease

Question 28

What are common symptoms of Lewy Body Disease?

Answer 28

Movement difficulties, vivid visual hallucinations, and sleep disturbances

Question 29

What is the second most common type of neurocognitive disorder after Alzheimer’s?

Answer 29

Lewy Body Disease

Question 30

What symptoms of Lewy Body Disease are related to cognition?

Answer 30

Impairment in alertness and attention

Question 31

What neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement, and can include difficulty initiating movement and reduced amplitude of movement)?

Answer 31

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 32

What brain pathway is affected in Parkinson’s Disease due to dopamine neuron loss?

Answer 32

Dopamine pathways in the substantia nigra

Question 33

Besides motor issues, what psychological symptoms may appear in Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 33

Depression, anxiety, apathy, cognitive problems, and even positive symptoms

Question 34

What is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder?

Answer 34

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 35

What condition can lead to cognitive slowness, impaired attention, and forgetfulness due to a virus?

Answer 35

HIV Infection

Question 36

What term is used to refer to HIV-related cognitive decline that includes apathy and social withdrawal?

Answer 36

Subcortical Dementia

Question 37

What brain changes are associated with HIV-related neurocognitive disorder?

Answer 37

eneralized atrophy, edema, inflammation, and patches of demyelination

Question 38

What condition includes memory impairment and executive functioning issues caused by psychoactive substances and poor nutrition?

Answer 38

Substance-Use Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 39

Which cognitive deficits can appear in Substance-Use Neurocognitive Disorder?

Answer 39

Memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and executive dysfunction

Question 40

What inherited disorder is marked by memory problems, personality changes, and involuntary movements?

Answer 40

Huntington’s Disease

Question 41

What gene is responsible for Huntington’s Disease?

Answer 41

Huntingtin gene on Chromosome 4

Question 42

What brain structures are affected in Huntington’s Disease?

Answer 42

Basal ganglia and cortex

Question 43

What kind of movement disorder is associated with Huntington’s Disease?

Answer 43

Chronic progressive chorea (involuntary twitching and spasms)

Question 44

What causes Prion Disease?

Answer 44

Prions – proteins that can reproduce and damage brain cells

Question 45

What is a hallmark symptom of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease?

Answer 45

Spasms of the body

Question 46

Is Prion Disease contagious?

Answer 46

No

Question 47

How long can the virus that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease remain in the body before symptoms develop?

Answer 47

For years