Explaining Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder

Question 1

What is defined as a chemical compound that is ingested to alter mood or behavior?

Answer 1

Substance

Question 2

What term refers to substances that alter mood, behavior, or both?

Answer 2

Psychoactive substances

Question 3

What is the term for the ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with functioning?

Answer 3

Substance Use

Question 4

What is the physiological reaction to ingested substances called?

Answer 4

Substance Intoxication

Question 5

What term describes when the amount of substance ingested causes significant problems in life?

Answer 5

Substance Use Disorder

Question 6

What is it called when a person needs increasingly greater amounts of a drug to achieve the same effect and experiences negative effects when stopping?

Answer 6

Physiological Dependence

Question 7

What is produced when yeast reacts with sugar and water through fermentation?

Answer 7

Alcohol

Question 8

What category of drug is alcohol classified under?

Answer 8

Depressant

Question 9

What happens to a person’s behavior when alcohol reduces inhibitions?

Answer 9

They become more outgoing

Question 10

What condition involves frightening hallucinations and body tremors during alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 10

Withdrawal Delirium (Delirium Tremens)

Question 11

What device measures levels of alcohol intoxication?

Answer 11

Breathalyzer

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter system is particularly sensitive to alcohol?

Answer 12

GABA

Question 13

What system is responsible for alcohol’s effect on cognitive abilities?

Answer 13

Glutamate system

Question 14

What are the two types of organic brain syndromes that may result from long-term alcohol use?

Answer 14

Dementia and Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 15

What syndrome includes confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech due to thiamine deficiency?

Answer 15

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 16

A condition affecting a child whose mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy, leading to developmental and cognitive impairments

Answer 16

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 17

What enzyme is responsible for metabolizing alcohol?

Answer 17

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Question 18

A chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine, often due to alcohol misus

Answer 18

Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 19

Four-Stage Model of Alcoholism

Answer 19

1. Pre-Alcoholic Stage
2. Prodromal Stage
3. Crucial Stage
4. Chronic Stage

Question 20

What is the first stage in the four-stage model of alcoholism where drinking occurs occasionally with few serious consequences?

Answer 20

Pre-Alcoholic Stage

Question 21

What is the second stage of alcoholism, characterized by heavy drinking with few visible problems?

Answer 21

Prodromal Stage

Question 22

What is the third stage of alcoholism where the person loses control and may engage in occasional binges?

Answer 22

Crucial Stage

Question 23

What is the final stage of alcoholism where most daily activities revolve around acquiring and consuming alcohol?

Answer 23

Chronic Stage

Question 24

What is the most commonly used psychoactive substance, often referred to as a “gentle stimulant,” and found in tea, coffee, soda, and cocoa products?

Answer 24

Caffeine

Question 25

What substance, commonly known as marijuana, can cause mood swings and dream-like experiences and may result in tolerance in chronic users?

Answer 25

Cannabis

Question 26

What class of drugs includes LSD and causes perceptual changes such as hallucinations and altered awareness?

Answer 26

Hallucinogens

Question 27

What is the most common hallucinogen, produced synthetically in a lab?

Answer 27

LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

Question 28

What hallucinogen is derived from mushrooms?

Answer 28

Psilocybin

Question 29

Which hallucinogen is found in the seeds of the morning glory plant?

Answer 29

Lysergic acid amide

Question 30

What hallucinogen, abbreviated as DMT, causes intense but short-lived hallucinations?

Answer 30

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

Question 31

What hallucinogen, mescaline, is found in what type of plant?

Answer 31

Peyote cactus

Question 32

What hallucinogenic substance can be snorted, smoked, or injected and is known for causing impulsivity and aggressiveness?

Answer 32

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Question 33

What class of substances includes solvents, aerosol sprays, and gases, often found in household or workplace items?

Answer 33

Inhalants

Question 34

What class of drugs includes natural opiates, synthetic variations, and substances naturally occurring in the brain that relieve pain and induce sleep?

Answer 34

Opioids

Question 35

What is a well-known illegal opioid that is derived from the opium poppy?

Answer 35

Heroin

Question 36

What class of substances includes calming, sleep-inducing, and anxiety-reducing drugs such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines?

Answer 36

Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-related substances

Question 37

What can happen when barbiturates or benzodiazepines are combined with alcohol?

Answer 37

It can be fatal

Question 38

Whose case is famously associated with fatal sedative and alcohol use?

Answer 38

Marilyn Monroe

Question 39

What class of drugs includes caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine, and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive drug category in the US?

Answer 39

Stimulants

Question 40

What stimulant is often prescribed for ADHD and narcolepsy and can cause elation, vigor, and reduced fatigue?

Answer 40

Amphetamines

Question 41

What variant of amphetamine is known as a “club drug” that produces feelings of euphoria?

Answer 41

MDMA (Ecstasy)

Question 42

What powerful stimulant, also known as crystal meth, is a variant of amphetamine?

Answer 42

Methamphetamine

Question 43

What stimulant increases alertness, produces euphoria, and causes insomnia and appetite suppression?

Answer 43

Cocaine

Question 44

What is the typical route of cocaine use that causes gradual addiction progression?

Answer 44

Intranasal and oral use

Question 45

What substance contains nicotine and is associated with depression, anxiety, and anger?

Answer 45

Tobacco

Question 46

How is nicotine dependence related to depression?

Answer 46

Being depressed increases the risk of nicotine dependence, and being dependent increases the risk of becoming depressed.

Question 47

What is the name for the episode that usually lasts 4–5 days and only occurs after extended periods of heavy drinking?

Answer 47

Acute alcohol withdrawal

Question 48

Alcohol withdrawal is rare for individuals younger than what age?

Answer 48

30 years

Question 49

What determines whether symptoms of an alcohol-induced mental disorder remain clinically relevant?

Answer 49

Ongoing severe intoxication or withdrawal

Question 50

What factors may influence how individuals experience or metabolize certain drugs?

Answer 50

Genetic factors

Question 51

What type of reinforcement refers to the use of substances to gain pleasurable effects?

Answer 51

Positive reinforcement

Question 52

What type of reinforcement refers to the use of substances to avoid negative feelings or withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 52

Negative reinforcement

Question 53

Which theory states that an increase in positive feelings will be followed by an increase in negative feelings and vice versa?

Answer 53

Opponent-Process Theory

Question 54

What effect describes how a person’s beliefs or expectations about a substance influence their actual experience with it?

Answer 54

Expectancy Effect

Question 55

What type of therapy replaces a harmful substance like nicotine with a less harmful form to reduce withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 55

Nicotine Replacement Therapy

Question 56

What medication is used to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms in nicotine addiction?

Answer 56

Bupropion

Question 57

What drug is commonly used to reduce the reinforcing effects of alcohol and opioids?

Answer 57

Naltrexone

Question 58

What medication is used to maintain abstinence in alcohol-dependent individuals by stabilizing brain activity?

Answer 58

Acamprosate

Question 59

What medication produces an adverse reaction when alcohol is consumed, often used in aversion therapy?

Answer 59

Disulfiram

Question 60

What opioid substitution therapy drug is used to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings?

Answer 60

Methadone

Question 61

What partial opioid agonist is used to help treat opioid dependence with lower abuse potential?

Answer 61

Buprenorphine

Question 62

What type of treatment aims to make substance use undesirable by associating it with unpleasant experiences?

Answer 62

Aversion Therapy

Question 63

What is the term for developing tolerance to a drug one has never taken before due to using a similar drug?

Answer 63

Cross-Tolerance

Question 64

What is the term for the intensified effects experienced when multiple substances act on the body at the same time?

Answer 64

Synergistic Effect

Question 65

What disorder involves persistent and recurring gambling behavior that causes significant impairment or distress?

Answer 65

Gambling Disorder

Question 66

How many symptoms must be present within 12 months to be diagnosed with Gambling Disorder?

Answer 66

At least 4 symptoms

Question 67

What is the required time frame for the symptoms of Gambling Disorder to occur for diagnosis?

Answer 67

Within 12 months

Question 68

When can the onset of Gambling Disorder occur?

Answer 68

During adolescence and throughout adulthood.

Question 69

In which gender does the progression of Gambling Disorder appear to be more rapid?

Answer 69

Women

Question 70

What condition must be ruled out before diagnosing Gambling Disorder?

Answer 70

Manic episodes