Neurodevelopment

Question 1

Embryonic precursor to the central nervous sytem

Answer 1

Neural tube

Question 2

Embryonic cells which generate neurons

Answer 2

Neural stem cells

Question 3

Embryonic layer of tissue where radial glial cells are found

Answer 3

Ventricular zone

Question 4

Primary neural stem cells

Answer 4

Radial glial cells

Question 5

Cells produced by radial glial cells which will divide one or more times to produce neurons

Answer 5

Progenitor cells

Question 6

Embryonic layer of tissue where progenitor cells are found, and divide to produce neurons

Answer 6

Subventricular zone

Question 7

Place where neurons migrate following neurogenesis and accumulate to form the cerebral cortex

Answer 7

Cortical plate

Question 8

Transient layer of neurons beneath the cortical plate where thalamic axons can synapse for a period of time before synapsing with true cortical neurons

Answer 8

Subplate layer

Question 9

Normal fate of subplate neurons during embryonic development

Answer 9

Degenerate

Question 10

Condition where an abnormal number of subplate neurons are seen in adult life

Answer 10

Schizophrenia

Question 11

Areas of the adult brain where neurogenesis continues to take place

Answer 11

Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus

Olfactory bulb

Question 12

Effect of stress on hippocampal neurogenesis

Answer 12

Reduces

Question 13

Effect of antidepressants on hippocampal neurgenesis

Answer 13

Increases

Question 14

Effect of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis

Answer 14

Increases

Question 15

The method where neurons travel from their origin to their final place in the brain

Answer 15

Neuronal migration

Question 16

Primary mechanism for excitatory neurons to reach the cortex

Answer 16

Radial migration

Question 17

Primary mechanism for inhibitory interneurons to migrate

Answer 17

Tangential migration

Question 18

Action of radial glial cells during radial migration

Answer 18

Form scaffolding through their foot processes to guide migrating neuronal cells

Question 19

Term to describe the fact in radial migration each wave of migrating cells travels past all the other layers of already settled neuronal cells form the outermost layer

Answer 19

Inside out pattern

Question 20

Name for the stacks of cells formed by radial migration

Answer 20

Rakic’s cortical columns

Question 21

The name for the phenomenon where neuronal cells fail to reach their final destination during migration stay in ectopic positions

Answer 21

Heterotopia

Question 22

Gestational age at which myelination starts

Answer 22

4th month

Question 23

Age at which myelination is largely complete

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Peak age of synaptogenesis

Answer 24

2

Question 25

Term for elimination of unnecessary synapses which after the rapid period of synaptogenesis finishes

Answer 25

Synaptic pruning

Question 26

Age at which synaptic pruning occurs

Answer 26

Childhood through the teenage years

Question 27

Receptor which can be used as a marker for neuronal numbers, and which decreases more rapidly in patients with schizophrenia than in the healthy population

Answer 27

D2 receptors

Question 28

Condition associated with excessive synaptic pruning

Answer 28

Schizophrenia

Question 29

Condition associated with decreased synaptic pruning

Answer 29

Autism

Question 30

The capability for neural networks to change over life

Answer 30

Neural plasticity

Question 31

First step in the development of the embryonic nervous system from the neural plate

Answer 31

Formation of the neural groove

Question 32

Last area of the brain to develop fully

Answer 32

Prefrontal cortex