Neurodevelopment Flashcards
Embryonic precursor to the central nervous sytem
Neural tube
Embryonic cells which generate neurons
Neural stem cells
Embryonic layer of tissue where radial glial cells are found
Ventricular zone
Primary neural stem cells
Radial glial cells
Cells produced by radial glial cells which will divide one or more times to produce neurons
Progenitor cells
Embryonic layer of tissue where progenitor cells are found, and divide to produce neurons
Subventricular zone
Place where neurons migrate following neurogenesis and accumulate to form the cerebral cortex
Cortical plate
Transient layer of neurons beneath the cortical plate where thalamic axons can synapse for a period of time before synapsing with true cortical neurons
Subplate layer
Normal fate of subplate neurons during embryonic development
Degenerate
Condition where an abnormal number of subplate neurons are seen in adult life
Schizophrenia
Areas of the adult brain where neurogenesis continues to take place
Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
Olfactory bulb
Effect of stress on hippocampal neurogenesis
Reduces
Effect of antidepressants on hippocampal neurgenesis
Increases
Effect of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis
Increases
The method where neurons travel from their origin to their final place in the brain
Neuronal migration
Primary mechanism for excitatory neurons to reach the cortex
Radial migration
Primary mechanism for inhibitory interneurons to migrate
Tangential migration
Action of radial glial cells during radial migration
Form scaffolding through their foot processes to guide migrating neuronal cells
Term to describe the fact in radial migration each wave of migrating cells travels past all the other layers of already settled neuronal cells form the outermost layer
Inside out pattern
Name for the stacks of cells formed by radial migration
Rakic’s cortical columns
The name for the phenomenon where neuronal cells fail to reach their final destination during migration stay in ectopic positions
Heterotopia
Gestational age at which myelination starts
4th month
Age at which myelination is largely complete
2
Peak age of synaptogenesis
2
Term for elimination of unnecessary synapses which after the rapid period of synaptogenesis finishes
Synaptic pruning
Age at which synaptic pruning occurs
Childhood through the teenage years
Receptor which can be used as a marker for neuronal numbers, and which decreases more rapidly in patients with schizophrenia than in the healthy population
D2 receptors
Condition associated with excessive synaptic pruning
Schizophrenia
Condition associated with decreased synaptic pruning
Autism
The capability for neural networks to change over life
Neural plasticity
First step in the development of the embryonic nervous system from the neural plate
Formation of the neural groove
Last area of the brain to develop fully
Prefrontal cortex
