Blood supply to the brain

Question 1

Source of the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 1

Internal carotid artery

Question 2

Source of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 2

Internal carotid artery

Question 3

Source of the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 3

Basilar artery which arises from the vertebral artery

Question 4

Supply of the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 4

Generally the anteromedial portion of the cerebrum
Medial and upper surface of the frontal lobe
Most of corpus callosum including the genu
Part of the internal capsule, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus

Question 5

Features of anterior cerebral artery lesion

Answer 5

Weakness of the contralateral side leg > arm
Sensory loss of the contralateral leg and foot
Akinetic mutism/transcortical motor aphasia
Apraxia
Urinary incontinence
Contralateral grasp and sucking reflexes
Abulia, disinhibition

Question 6

Features of bilateral anterior cerebral artery lesion

Answer 6

Quadriparesis legs > arms

Akinetic mutism

Question 7

Branch of anterior cerebral artery which supplies the head of the caudate nucleus

Answer 7

Recurrent artery of Huebner

Question 8

Features of a lesion in the artery of Huebner

Answer 8

Agitation, confusion
Abulia
Mutism
Personality changes

Question 9

Four segments of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 9

M1 - sphenoidal or horizontal segment
M2 - insular segment
M3 - opercular segment
M4 - cortical segment

Question 10

Aphasia caused by a lesion in the trunk of the MCA

Answer 10

Global

Question 11

Aphasia caused by a lesion in the superior division of the MCA

Answer 11

Broca’s aphasia

Question 12

Aphasia caused by a lesion in the inferior division of the MCA

Answer 12

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 13

Features of a lesion of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 13

Weakness of the contralateral face and arm
Sensory loss of the contralateral face and arm
Dominant hemisphere - aphasia
Non-dominant hemisphere - contralateral neglect
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia without macular sparing

Question 14

Course of the anterior communicating artery

Answer 14

Connects the two anterior cerebral arteries

Question 15

Supply of the anterior communicating artery

Answer 15

Basal forebrain

Question 16

Features of an anterior communicating artery lesion

Answer 16

Akinesia
Personality change
Amnesia and confabulation

Question 17

Course of the posterior communicating arteries

Answer 17

Connect the middle cerebral arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries

Question 18

Supply of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 18

Generally the lateral cerebrum
Broca's and Wernicke's areas
Heschl's gyrus
Planum temporale
Angular gyrus

Question 19

Speech area supplied by the superior division of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 19

Lateroinferior frontal lobe (Broca’s area)

Question 20

Speech area supplied by the inferior division of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 20

Lateral temporal lobe (Wernicke’s area)

Question 21

Supply of the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery

Answer 21

Basal ganglia

Question 22

Supply of the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 22

Occipital lobe
Hippocampus
Splenium of the corpus callosum
Posterior limb of the internal capsule
Cuneus
Inferior temporal gyrus
Lingual gyrus

Question 23

Source of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 23

Basilar artery which arises from the vertebral artery

Question 24

Source of the anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Answer 24

Vertebral artery

Question 25

Source of the superior cerebellar artery

Answer 25

Near the end of the basilar artery near the Circle of Willis

Question 26

Supply of the superior cerebellar artery

Answer 26

Deep and superior parts of the cerebellum - most of the cerebellar hemisphere

Question 27

Source of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 27

Basilar artery below the pontine arteries

Question 28

Supply of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 28

Posteroinferior cerebellum Lower part of the medulla Inferior cerebellar peduncles Cerebellar vermis

Question 29

Supply of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Answer 29

Middle cerebellar peduncle Anteroinferior surface of the cerebellum Inferolateral part of the pons Cranial nerves VII and VIII

Question 30

Eponymous name for group of features caused by posterior inferior cerebellar artery lesion

Answer 30

Wallenburg's lateral medullary syndrome

Question 31

Features of lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 31

Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus Ipsilateral cerebellar signs Ipsilateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation to face Contralateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation to limbs and torso Ipsilateral hoarseness, dysphagia, absent gag reflex Ipsilateral Horner's syndrome

Question 32

Branch of the anterior cerebral artery which supplies most of the corpus callosum

Answer 32

Pericallosal artery

Question 33

Features of a posterior cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 33

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation Prosopagnosia Ipsilateral cranial nerve defects If L PCA - alexia without agraphia

Question 34

Features of a retinal artery/ophthalmic artery lesion

Answer 34

Amaurosis fugax

Question 35

Name for an anterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke

Answer 35

Lateral pontine syndrome

Question 36

Features of lateral pontine syndrome

Answer 36

Ipsilateral loss of temperature and pain sensation in face Ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness Contralateral loss of temperature and pain sensation in body Ipsilateral Horner's syndrome Nystagmus, vomiting, vertigo Ipsilateral ataxia

Question 37

Difference in symptoms between lateral medullary syndrome and lateral pontine syndrome

Answer 37

Lateral pontine syndrome also causes facial paralysis and deafness; lateral medullary syndrome does not

Question 38

Syndrome caused by a stroke in the branches of the posterior cerebral artery that supply the midbrain

Answer 38

Weber's syndrome

Question 39

Features of Weber's syndrome

Answer 39

Contralateral hemiparesis and Parkinsonism, or contralateral hemiplegia Ipsilateral CN III palsy - down and out eye with ptosis and dilated pupil

Question 40

Features of basilar artery stroke

Answer 40

Locked in syndrome

Question 41

Name for stroke resulting from occlusion of one of the small penetrating arteries that supply the brain's deep structures

Answer 41

Lacunar stroke

Question 42

Five clinical types of lacunar stroke

Answer 42

Pure motor with hemiparesis Hemiparesis with ataxia Dysarthria with a clumsy hand Pure sensory with unilateral loss of sensation Mixed sensorimotor - hemiparesis of one side and sensory loss of the other side

Question 43

Artery occlusion causing cortical blindness, or alexia without agraphia

Answer 43

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 44

Artery which supplies Broca's area

Answer 44

Middle cerebral artery

Question 45

Artery which supplies Wernicke's area

Answer 45

Middle cerebral artery