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Neurosciences > Blood supply to the brain > Flashcards

Blood supply to the brain Flashcards

1
Q

Source of the anterior cerebral artery

A

Internal carotid artery

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2
Q

Source of the middle cerebral artery

A

Internal carotid artery

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3
Q

Source of the posterior cerebral artery

A

Basilar artery which arises from the vertebral artery

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4
Q

Supply of the anterior cerebral artery

A

Generally the anteromedial portion of the cerebrum
Medial and upper surface of the frontal lobe
Most of corpus callosum including the genu
Part of the internal capsule, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus

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5
Q

Features of anterior cerebral artery lesion

A

Weakness of the contralateral side leg > arm
Sensory loss of the contralateral leg and foot
Akinetic mutism/transcortical motor aphasia
Apraxia
Urinary incontinence
Contralateral grasp and sucking reflexes
Abulia, disinhibition

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6
Q

Features of bilateral anterior cerebral artery lesion

A

Quadriparesis legs > arms

Akinetic mutism

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7
Q

Branch of anterior cerebral artery which supplies the head of the caudate nucleus

A

Recurrent artery of Huebner

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8
Q

Features of a lesion in the artery of Huebner

A

Agitation, confusion
Abulia
Mutism
Personality changes

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9
Q

Four segments of the middle cerebral artery

A

M1 - sphenoidal or horizontal segment
M2 - insular segment
M3 - opercular segment
M4 - cortical segment

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10
Q

Aphasia caused by a lesion in the trunk of the MCA

A

Global

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11
Q

Aphasia caused by a lesion in the superior division of the MCA

A

Broca’s aphasia

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12
Q

Aphasia caused by a lesion in the inferior division of the MCA

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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13
Q

Features of a lesion of the middle cerebral artery

A

Weakness of the contralateral face and arm
Sensory loss of the contralateral face and arm
Dominant hemisphere - aphasia
Non-dominant hemisphere - contralateral neglect
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia without macular sparing

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14
Q

Course of the anterior communicating artery

A

Connects the two anterior cerebral arteries

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15
Q

Supply of the anterior communicating artery

A

Basal forebrain

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16
Q

Features of an anterior communicating artery lesion

A

Akinesia
Personality change
Amnesia and confabulation

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17
Q

Course of the posterior communicating arteries

A

Connect the middle cerebral arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries

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18
Q

Supply of the middle cerebral artery

A 
Generally the lateral cerebrum
Broca's and Wernicke's areas
Heschl's gyrus
Planum temporale
Angular gyrus
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19
Q

Speech area supplied by the superior division of the middle cerebral artery

A

Lateroinferior frontal lobe (Broca’s area)

20
Q

Speech area supplied by the inferior division of the middle cerebral artery

A

Lateral temporal lobe (Wernicke’s area)

21
Q

Supply of the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery

A

Basal ganglia

22
Q

Supply of the posterior cerebral artery

A 
Occipital lobe
Hippocampus
Splenium of the corpus callosum
Posterior limb of the internal capsule
Cuneus
Inferior temporal gyrus
Lingual gyrus
23
Q

Source of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

Basilar artery which arises from the vertebral artery

24
Q

Source of the anterior and posterior spinal arteries

A

Vertebral artery

25
Q

Source of the superior cerebellar artery

A

Near the end of the basilar artery near the Circle of Willis

26
Q

Supply of the superior cerebellar artery

A

Deep and superior parts of the cerebellum - most of the cerebellar hemisphere

27
Q

Source of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

Basilar artery below the pontine arteries

28
Q

Supply of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

Posteroinferior cerebellum
Lower part of the medulla
Inferior cerebellar peduncles
Cerebellar vermis

29
Q

Supply of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle
Anteroinferior surface of the cerebellum
Inferolateral part of the pons
Cranial nerves VII and VIII

30
Q

Eponymous name for group of features caused by posterior inferior cerebellar artery lesion

A

Wallenburg’s lateral medullary syndrome

31
Q

Features of lateral medullary syndrome

A

Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
Ipsilateral cerebellar signs
Ipsilateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation to face
Contralateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation to limbs and torso
Ipsilateral hoarseness, dysphagia, absent gag reflex
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

32
Q

Branch of the anterior cerebral artery which supplies most of the corpus callosum

A

Pericallosal artery

33
Q

Features of a posterior cerebral artery occlusion

A

Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
Prosopagnosia
Ipsilateral cranial nerve defects
If L PCA - alexia without agraphia

34
Q

Features of a retinal artery/ophthalmic artery lesion

A

Amaurosis fugax

35
Q

Name for an anterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke

A

Lateral pontine syndrome

36
Q

Features of lateral pontine syndrome

A

Ipsilateral loss of temperature and pain sensation in face
Ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness
Contralateral loss of temperature and pain sensation in body
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
Nystagmus, vomiting, vertigo
Ipsilateral ataxia

37
Q

Difference in symptoms between lateral medullary syndrome and lateral pontine syndrome

A

Lateral pontine syndrome also causes facial paralysis and deafness; lateral medullary syndrome does not

38
Q

Syndrome caused by a stroke in the branches of the posterior cerebral artery that supply the midbrain

A

Weber’s syndrome

39
Q

Features of Weber’s syndrome

A

Contralateral hemiparesis and Parkinsonism, or contralateral hemiplegia
Ipsilateral CN III palsy - down and out eye with ptosis and dilated pupil

40
Q

Features of basilar artery stroke

A

Locked in syndrome

41
Q

Name for stroke resulting from occlusion of one of the small penetrating arteries that supply the brain’s deep structures

A

Lacunar stroke

42
Q

Five clinical types of lacunar stroke

A

Pure motor with hemiparesis
Hemiparesis with ataxia
Dysarthria with a clumsy hand
Pure sensory with unilateral loss of sensation
Mixed sensorimotor - hemiparesis of one side and sensory loss of the other side

43
Q

Artery occlusion causing cortical blindness, or alexia without agraphia

A

Posterior cerebral artery

44
Q

Artery which supplies Broca’s area

A

Middle cerebral artery

45
Q

Artery which supplies Wernicke’s area

A

Middle cerebral artery

Neurosciences (16 decks)

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