Blood supply to the brain Flashcards
Source of the anterior cerebral artery
Internal carotid artery
Source of the middle cerebral artery
Internal carotid artery
Source of the posterior cerebral artery
Basilar artery which arises from the vertebral artery
Supply of the anterior cerebral artery
Generally the anteromedial portion of the cerebrum
Medial and upper surface of the frontal lobe
Most of corpus callosum including the genu
Part of the internal capsule, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus
Features of anterior cerebral artery lesion
Weakness of the contralateral side leg > arm
Sensory loss of the contralateral leg and foot
Akinetic mutism/transcortical motor aphasia
Apraxia
Urinary incontinence
Contralateral grasp and sucking reflexes
Abulia, disinhibition
Features of bilateral anterior cerebral artery lesion
Quadriparesis legs > arms
Akinetic mutism
Branch of anterior cerebral artery which supplies the head of the caudate nucleus
Recurrent artery of Huebner
Features of a lesion in the artery of Huebner
Agitation, confusion
Abulia
Mutism
Personality changes
Four segments of the middle cerebral artery
M1 - sphenoidal or horizontal segment
M2 - insular segment
M3 - opercular segment
M4 - cortical segment
Aphasia caused by a lesion in the trunk of the MCA
Global
Aphasia caused by a lesion in the superior division of the MCA
Broca’s aphasia
Aphasia caused by a lesion in the inferior division of the MCA
Wernicke’s aphasia
Features of a lesion of the middle cerebral artery
Weakness of the contralateral face and arm
Sensory loss of the contralateral face and arm
Dominant hemisphere - aphasia
Non-dominant hemisphere - contralateral neglect
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia without macular sparing
Course of the anterior communicating artery
Connects the two anterior cerebral arteries
Supply of the anterior communicating artery
Basal forebrain
Features of an anterior communicating artery lesion
Akinesia
Personality change
Amnesia and confabulation
Course of the posterior communicating arteries
Connect the middle cerebral arteries to the posterior cerebral arteries
Supply of the middle cerebral artery
Generally the lateral cerebrum Broca's and Wernicke's areas Heschl's gyrus Planum temporale Angular gyrus
Speech area supplied by the superior division of the middle cerebral artery
Lateroinferior frontal lobe (Broca’s area)
Speech area supplied by the inferior division of the middle cerebral artery
Lateral temporal lobe (Wernicke’s area)
Supply of the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery
Basal ganglia
Supply of the posterior cerebral artery
Occipital lobe Hippocampus Splenium of the corpus callosum Posterior limb of the internal capsule Cuneus Inferior temporal gyrus Lingual gyrus
Source of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Basilar artery which arises from the vertebral artery
Source of the anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Vertebral artery
Source of the superior cerebellar artery
Near the end of the basilar artery near the Circle of Willis
Supply of the superior cerebellar artery
Deep and superior parts of the cerebellum - most of the cerebellar hemisphere
Source of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Basilar artery below the pontine arteries
Supply of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posteroinferior cerebellum
Lower part of the medulla
Inferior cerebellar peduncles
Cerebellar vermis
Supply of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Anteroinferior surface of the cerebellum
Inferolateral part of the pons
Cranial nerves VII and VIII
Eponymous name for group of features caused by posterior inferior cerebellar artery lesion
Wallenburg’s lateral medullary syndrome
Features of lateral medullary syndrome
Vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
Ipsilateral cerebellar signs
Ipsilateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation to face
Contralateral deficits in pain and temperature sensation to limbs and torso
Ipsilateral hoarseness, dysphagia, absent gag reflex
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
Branch of the anterior cerebral artery which supplies most of the corpus callosum
Pericallosal artery
Features of a posterior cerebral artery occlusion
Contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
Prosopagnosia
Ipsilateral cranial nerve defects
If L PCA - alexia without agraphia
Features of a retinal artery/ophthalmic artery lesion
Amaurosis fugax
Name for an anterior inferior cerebellar artery stroke
Lateral pontine syndrome
Features of lateral pontine syndrome
Ipsilateral loss of temperature and pain sensation in face
Ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness
Contralateral loss of temperature and pain sensation in body
Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome
Nystagmus, vomiting, vertigo
Ipsilateral ataxia
Difference in symptoms between lateral medullary syndrome and lateral pontine syndrome
Lateral pontine syndrome also causes facial paralysis and deafness; lateral medullary syndrome does not
Syndrome caused by a stroke in the branches of the posterior cerebral artery that supply the midbrain
Weber’s syndrome
Features of Weber’s syndrome
Contralateral hemiparesis and Parkinsonism, or contralateral hemiplegia
Ipsilateral CN III palsy - down and out eye with ptosis and dilated pupil
Features of basilar artery stroke
Locked in syndrome
Name for stroke resulting from occlusion of one of the small penetrating arteries that supply the brain’s deep structures
Lacunar stroke
Five clinical types of lacunar stroke
Pure motor with hemiparesis
Hemiparesis with ataxia
Dysarthria with a clumsy hand
Pure sensory with unilateral loss of sensation
Mixed sensorimotor - hemiparesis of one side and sensory loss of the other side
Artery occlusion causing cortical blindness, or alexia without agraphia
Posterior cerebral artery
Artery which supplies Broca’s area
Middle cerebral artery
Artery which supplies Wernicke’s area
Middle cerebral artery
