Lobar functions and cognitive testing

Question 1

Lobe assessed during similarities test

Answer 1

Frontal

Question 2

Test where two objects are compared to test the ability to categorise them

Answer 2

Similarities

Question 3

Lobe assessed during lexical fluency test

Answer 3

Frontal

Question 4

Description of lexical fluency test

Answer 4

Naming objects within a category (food, animals) or words starting with a certain letter

Question 5

Lobe assessed during Luria motor test

Answer 5

Frontal

Question 6

Description of Luria motor test

Answer 6

Testing ability to learn a pattern.
Hand it placed on the table in the pattern fist, edge, palm
Patient watches someone do this, does it with them, then does it alone

Question 7

Lobe assessed during go/no go test

Answer 7

Frontal

Question 8

Description of go/no go test

Answer 8

Person is given a pattern e.g. ‘if I clap once, you clap twice; if I clap twice, you clap once’
Tested on this pattern
Pattern is then changed e.g. ‘if I clap once you clap once; if I clap twice you don’t clap’
Tests response inhibition, set shifting and perseveration

Question 9

Lobe assessed during cognitive estimates test

Answer 9

Frontal

Question 10

Description of cognitive estimates test

Answer 10

Questions are asked which are likely not known exactly
E.g. ‘how far can an adult walk in an afternoon’
Tests abstract thinking

Question 11

Lobe assessed during trails making test

Answer 11

Frontal (although not specific for frontal lobe)

Question 12

Description of trails A test

Answer 12

Numbers within circles are joined going lowest to highest

Question 13

Description of trails B test

Answer 13

Alternating numbers and letters are joined lowest to highest i.e. 1 - A - 2 - B etc.

Question 14

Lobe assessed during proverb interpretation test

Answer 14

Frontal

Question 15

Lobe assessed during copying shapes test

Answer 15

Parietal

Question 16

Lobe assessed during test to identify fingers

Answer 16

Parietal

Question 17

Lobe assessed during testing of simple arithmetic

Answer 17

Parietal

Question 18

Lobe assessed during testing for graphesthesia (ability to recognise letters or numbers being drawn on the skin without looking)

Answer 18

Parietal

Question 19

Lobe assessed during testing for graphesthesia (ability to recognise letters or numbers being drawn on the skin without looking)

Answer 19

Parietal

Question 20

Lobe assessed during testing of right/left discrimination

Answer 20

Parietal

Question 21

Lobe assessed during testing of stereognosis

Answer 21

Parietal

Question 22

Description of stereognosis

Answer 22

Ability to recognise objects by palpation

Question 23

Lobe assessed during testing of two point discrimination

Answer 23

Parietal

Question 24

Lobe assessed during testing of visual inattention

Answer 24

Parietal

Question 25

Common tests of visual inattention

Answer 25

Letter or star cancellation Line bisection Draw a person Draw a tree

Question 26

Domain tested in digit span testing

Answer 26

Attention

Question 27

Domain tested in trails A test

Answer 27

Attention

Question 28

Domain tested in Boston naming test

Answer 28

Language

Question 29

Domain tested in verbal fluency tests

Answer 29

Language

Question 30

Domain tested in Ray-Osterrieth complex figure test

Answer 30

Visuospatial skills

Question 31

Domain tested in Wisconsin card sort test

Answer 31

Executive function

Question 32

Domain tested in Stroop test

Answer 32

Executive function

Question 33

Domain tested in Trails B test

Answer 33

Executive function

Question 34

Domain tested in Wechsler memory scale

Answer 34

Memory

Question 35

Domain tested in Ray auditory verbal learning test

Answer 35

Memory

Question 36

Lobe assessed during Tower of London test

Answer 36

Frontal

Question 37

Description of Tower of London test

Answer 37

Two pegs on a board have rings of different colours | Presented with problem solving tasks which have to be solved

Question 38

Six subsets of a frontal assessment battery

Answer 38

Conceptualisation - similarities, abstract reasoning Mental flexibility - words beginning with a letter/in a category Motor programming - Luria Conflicting instructions - first part of no/go/no Inhibitory control - second part of no/go/no Prehension behaviour - ask patient not to touch your hands when you put them out

Question 39

Features of unilateral frontal lobe lesions

Answer 39

``` Contralateral spastic hemiplegia Elevation of mood, inappropriate speech Frontal release signs Anosmia If left lobe - motor speech issues, loss of fluency (Broca's aphasia), agraphia ```

Question 40

Primitive reflexes which are normal in infancy and usually a sign of frontal lobe disorder if present in adults

Answer 40

Frontal release signs

Question 41

Examples of frontal release signs

Answer 41

``` Rooting reflex Sucking reflex Glabellar reflex Palmar grasp Palmomental reflex Snout reflex ```

Question 42

Frontal release sign where an object placed in the palm is naturally grasped

Answer 42

Palmar reflex

Question 43

Frontal release sign where stroking a certain point on the hand causes the chin to twitch

Answer 43

Palmomental reflex

Question 44

Frontal release sign where the head is turned in the direction of anything that strokes it

Answer 44

Rooting reflex

Question 45

Frontal release sign where the person naturally sucks if anything touches the roof of its mouth

Answer 45

Sucking reflex

Question 46

Frontal release sign where the lips are pursed when tapped lightly

Answer 46

Snout reflex

Question 47

Frontal release sign where blinking is initiated on repetitive tapping of the glabella (if not present blinking will occur the first few times but will then stop out of habituation)

Answer 47

Glabellar reflex

Question 48

Term for symptoms found in frontal lobe disease where there is the tendency to make puns, tell inappropriate jokes, and be unable to recognise sarcasm

Answer 48

Witzelsucht

Question 49

Features of a bilateral frontal lobe lesion

Answer 49

Bilateral hemiplegia Spastic bulbar palsy Abulia Sphincter incompetence

Question 50

Type of seizure where there is a sudden burst of laughter, usually without associated happiness

Answer 50

Gelastic seizure

Question 51

Lesions associated with a gelastic seizure

Answer 51

Hypothalamic hamartoma | Frontal lobe lesions

Question 52

Features of a unilateral parietal lobe lesion

Answer 52

``` Contralateral sensory loss Mild contralateral hemiparesis Inferior homonymous quadrantanopia Astereognosis (tactile agnosia) Apraxias If R lesion - contralateral neglect and anosognosia If L lesion - Gerstmann's syndrome ```

Question 53

Features of Gerstmann's syndrome

Answer 53

Agraphia Acalculia Finger agnosia Right-left confusion

Question 54

Syndrome usually caused by bilateral parietal or parieto-occipital lesions

Answer 54

Balint syndrome

Question 55

Features of Balint syndrome

Answer 55

Simultanagnosia - inability to perceive simultaneous events visually Oculomotor apraxia - inability to fixate the eyes Optic ataxia - inability to move the hand to a specific place using vision

Question 56

Features of a unilateral temporal lobe lesion

Answer 56

Homonymous upper quadrantanopia Complex hallucinations - smell, sound etc. If L lesion - fluent aphasia (Wernicke's aphasia), dyslexia, word agnosia If R lesion - impaired non-verbal memory, impaired musical skills, amusia (difficulty recognising pitch)

Question 57

Features of a bilateral temporal lobe lesion

Answer 57

``` Apathy Dream-like states Disturbances of time perception Hypermetamorphopsia (compulsion to attend to all visual stimuli) Amnesia, Korsakoff syndrome Klüver–Bucy syndrome ```

Question 58

Features of Klüver–Bucy syndrome

Answer 58

``` Compulsive eating Hypersexuality Hyperorality (insertion of inappropriate objects into the mouth) Visual agnosia Docility ```

Question 59

Syndrome with five core features seen in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 59

Geschwind syndrome

Question 60

Features of Geschwind syndrome

Answer 60

``` Hypergraphia Hyperreligiosity Atypical sexuality (usually reduced) Non-linear thought patterns, circumstantiality Intensified mental life ```

Question 61

Features of a unilateral occipital lobe lesion

Answer 61

``` Contralateral homonymous hemianopia Elementary lesions Visual illusions Visual agnosia If deep white matter or corpus callosum involved - alexia, colour naming defects ```

Question 62

Features of bilateral occipital lobe lesions

Answer 62

Cortical blindness with reactive pupils Anton syndrome Achromatopsia

Question 63

Features of Anton syndrome

Answer 63

Cortical blindness but denial of same

Question 64

Areas of lesion causing prosopagnosia

Answer 64

Temporo-occipital

Question 65

Ages Wechsler adult intelligence scale III is designed for

Answer 65

16-89

Question 66

Three types of IQ yielded in WAIS

Answer 66

Verbal Performance Combined/full scale

Question 67

Verbal tests in WAIS

Answer 67

``` Similarities Arithmetic Digit span Vocabulary Information Comprehension ```

Question 68

Performance tests in WAIS

Answer 68

``` Picture arrangement Block design Picture completion Digit symbol Matrix reasoning/object assembly ```

Question 69

Type of tests within WAIS which are supposed to be age related decline in ability

Answer 69

Hold tests

Question 70

Type of tests within WAIS which are not supposed to be resistant to age related decline in performance

Answer 70

Non-hold tests

Question 71

Hold tests within WAIS

Answer 71

Vocabulary Information Object assembly Picture completion

Question 72

Non-hold tests within WAIS

Answer 72

Block design Digit span Similarities Digit symbol

Question 73

IQ test which is aimed to be independent of education and cultural influences

Answer 73

Raven's progressive matrices

Question 74

IQ test which aims to test premorbid intelligence

Answer 74

National adult reading test

Question 75

Area of brain affected in Gerstmann's syndrome

Answer 75

Left angular gyrus

Question 76

Lobe tested in verbal fluency tests

Answer 76

Frontal