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Neurosciences > Cognitive functions > Flashcards

Cognitive functions Flashcards

1
Q

Normal digit span

A

7+/-2

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2
Q

Most helpful orientation test

A

Time

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3
Q

Inaccuracy considered normal in date orientation

A

2 days or less

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4
Q

Disorder where disorientation to name is seen

A

Psychogenic amnesia

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5
Q

Usual error made in similarities test

A

Answering that they are different, being unable to consider similarities

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6
Q

Issue with proverb meanings test

A

Culturally and eduationally dependent

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7
Q

Area of brain lesion where neglect is usually seen

A

Right hemisphere inferior parietal or prefrontal

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8
Q

Hippocampal hemisphere used for declarative verbal memories

A

Left

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9
Q

Hippocampal hemisphere for non-verbal memories

A

Right

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10
Q

Process of strengthening the connection between two neurons on repeated communication which is felt may be the neuronal basis of memory

A

Long term potentiation

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11
Q

Chemical process which mediated long term potentiation

A

NMDA mediated Ca2+ entry in glutamate neurons

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12
Q

Brain structure which connects Broca’s area to Wernicke’s area

A

Arcuate fasciculus

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13
Q

Type of aphasia which is fluent but with loss of comprehension

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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14
Q

Type of aphasia which is non-fluent but with comprehension intact

A

Broca’s aphasia

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15
Q

Site of lesion causing impairment only for comprehension of spoken words

A

Superior temporal pole - bilateral or left sided

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16
Q

Site of lesion causing pure word blindness/alexia without agraphia - patient can speak, understand spoken language, and write, but not understand written language

A

Splenium of corpus callosum and L visual cortex (usually due to L PCA infarct)

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17
Q

Area of brain lesion which causes isolated limb apraxia

A

Corticobasal degeneration

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18
Q

Type of apraxia which involves the inability to make elements into a meaningful whole e.g. draw diagrams

A

Constructional apraxia

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19
Q

Area of brain lesion which causes a constructional apraxia

A

Right parietal lobe

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20
Q

Type of apraxia which involves an inability to carry out sequences of actions

A

Ideational/conceptual apraxia

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21
Q

Areas of brain lesions which cause ideational apraxia

A

Left parieto-occipital and parieto-temporal lesions

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22
Q

Type of apraxia which the inability to carry out goal directed movements

A

Ideomotor apraxia

23
Q

Area of brain lesions which cause ideomotor apraxia

A

Frontal and parietal

24
Q

Type of apraxia which involves the inability to coordinate and carry out facial movements

A

Buccofacial apraxia

25
Q

Area of brain lesion which causes buccofacial apraxia

A

Left inferior frontal lobe and insula

26
Q

Type of apraxia which involves loss of hand and finger dexterity

A

Limb-kinetic apraxia

27
Q

Area of brain lesion causing limb-kinetic apraxia

A

Dominant primary motor cortex

28
Q

Failure of object recognition despite normal visual perception

A

Visual object agnosia

29
Q

Area of brain lesion causing visual object agnosia

A

Bilateral occipitotemporal

30
Q

Inability to recognise familiar faces

A

Prosopagnosia

31
Q

Area of brain lesion causing acquired prosopagnosia

A

Fusiform gyrus

32
Q

Colour deficit where there is the loss of ability to discriminate colours

A

Achromatopsia

33
Q

Area of brain lesion causing achromatopsia

A

Left occipitotemporal damage (L PCA infarction)

34
Q

Colour deficit where there is loss of ability to retrieve knowledge about colours e.g. colour of a banana

A

Colour agnosia

35
Q

Area of brain lesion causing colour agnosia

A

Left occipitotemporal damage

36
Q

Colour deficit where there is inability to name colours

A

Colour anomia

37
Q

Brain lesion causing colour anomia

A

Disconnection of the language structures in the temporal lobe from the visual cortex

38
Q

Inability to read, write, and comprehend numbers

A

Acalculia

39
Q

Inability to perform mathematical calculations

A

Anarithmetrica

40
Q

Three features of Balint syndrome

A

Simultanagnosia
Optic ataxia
Oculomotor apraxia

41
Q

Area of brain lesion causing Balint syndrome

A

Bilateral superior parieto-occipital

42
Q

Four features of Gerstmann syndrome

A

Dysgraphia
Dyscalculia
Finger agnosia
Right left disorientation

43
Q

Area of brain lesion causing Gerstmann syndrome

A

Dominant angular and supramarginal gyri of the parietal lobe

44
Q

Feature of Anton syndrome

A

Cortical blindness and denial of same

45
Q

Area of brain lesion causing Anton syndrome

A

Bilateral occipital damage

46
Q

Features of Marchiafava-Bignami disease

A

Sudden onset stupor and seizures

Occasionally chronic onset dementia and gait issues

47
Q

Substance associated with Marchiafava-Bignami disease

A

Red wine excess

48
Q

Area of brain lesion causing Marchiafava-Bignami disease

A

Symmetrical demyelination and necrosis of corpus callosum and adjacent anterior commissure

49
Q

Automatic behaviours which are correct, but inappropriate to the situation e.g. using a toothbrush that is in sight in the middle of a doctor’s appointment, or taking a cigarette out of someone else’s mouth and using it

A

Utilization behaviour

50
Q

Behaviour which imitates the examiner’s behaviour

A

Imitation behaviour

51
Q

Behaviour where an object is repeatedly rubbed, held or manipulated

A

Manual groping behaviour

52
Q

Behaviour where there are bizarre hand movements the patient feels no control over

A

Alien hand sign

53
Q

Behaviour where there is an overreliance on environmental stimuli to guide behaviour

A

Environmental dependency syndrome

Neurosciences (16 decks)

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