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Neurosciences > Cell types in the nervous system > Flashcards

Cell types in the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Number of layers in the majority of the cerebrum

A

6

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2
Q

Name of layer 1 of the neocortex

A

Molecular/agranular

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3
Q

Name of layer 2 of the neocortex

A

External granular layer

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4
Q

Name of layer 3 of the neocortex

A

External pyramidal layer

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5
Q

Name of layer 4 of the neocortex

A

Internal granular layer

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6
Q

Name of layer 5 of the neocortex

A

Internal pyramidal layer

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7
Q

Name of layer 6 of the neocortex

A

Multiform layer

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8
Q

Cells found in layer 1 (the molecular/agranular layer)

A

No major neuronal cell bodies
Glial cells
Dendrites from neurons of lower layers
Horizontal cells of Cajal

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9
Q

Cells found in layer 2 (the external granular layer)

A

Granule cells

Small pyramidal cells

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10
Q

Cells found in layer 3 (the external pyramidal layer)

A

Small and medium pyramidal cells

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11
Q

Cells found in layer 4 (the internal granular layer)

A

Stellate cells

Some pyramidal cells

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12
Q

Cells found in layer 5 (the internal pyramidal layer)

A

The largest pyramidal cells

Betz cells

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13
Q

Cells found in layer 6 (the multiform layer)

A

Mixture of all cells
Corticothalamic fibres
Association/commissural/projection fibres

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14
Q

Number of layers in the cerebellar cortex

A

3

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15
Q

The three layers of the cerebellar cortex

A

Molecular layer
Purkinje layer
Granular layer

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16
Q

Cells found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

Basket cells

Stellate cells

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17
Q

Cells found in the purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

Purkinje cells

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18
Q

Cells found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex

A

Granule cells

Golgi cells

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19
Q

Cell type which coordinate motor output in the cerebellum

A

Purkinje cells

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20
Q

Cells which are the largest in the nervous system

A

Betz cells

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21
Q

Four types of glial cells

A

Astrocytes - type of macroglia
Oligodendrocytes - type of macroglia
Microglia
Ependymal cells

22
Q

Most numerous type of glial cells

A

Astrocytes

23
Q

Functions of astrocytes

A

Enable nutrition of neurons
Break down neurotransmitters
Maintain the blood brain barrier
Structural support of neurons

24
Q

Cell which replace oligodendrocytes in the peripheral nervous sytem

A

Schwann cells

25
Q

Function of oligodendrocytes

A

Produce myelin sheaths

26
Q

Function of microglia

A

Clear neuronal debris via scavenging after cell death

Immune system of the CNS

27
Q

Function of ependymal cells

A

Cover the ventricles

Facilitate CSF circulation

28
Q

Ability of lipid soluble vs. water soluble molecules to cross the blood brain barrier

A

Lipid soluble molecules penetrate easily

Water soluble molecules are usually unable to penetrate

29
Q

Name for areas of the brain which do not have a blood brain barrier

A

Circumventricular organs

30
Q

Type of junction formed by endothelial cells making the blood brain barrier

A

Tight junction

31
Q

Types of cells found in the nervous system which do not contain neurons

A

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann cells

32
Q

Type of neuronal cells which have long axons

A

Golgi type 1 cells

33
Q

Type of neuronal cells which have short axons

A

Golgi type 2 cells

34
Q

Type of neuronal cells which have no axons

A

Amacrine neurons

35
Q

Function of an endosome

A

Recycling of cell membranes

36
Q

Most common type of neuronal cells in the cerebral cortex

A

Pyramidal cells

37
Q

Type of enzyme seen only in astrocytes

A

Glutamate dehydrogenase

38
Q

Embryonic cells which originate from the neural tube and later dissociate from the nervous system

A

Neural crest

39
Q

Type of neuron which transmits impulses to between other neurons - often found between a sensory and a motor neuron as part of a reflex arc

A

Interneuron

40
Q

Four types of primary afferent axons

A

A-alpha
A-beta
A-delta
C

41
Q

Types of primary afferent axons which are myelinated

A

A axons

42
Q

Type of primary afferent axon which is unmyelinated

A

C

43
Q

Function of A-alpha primary afferent axons

A

Carry proprioception information

44
Q

Function of A-beta primary afferent axons

A

Carry touch information

45
Q

Function of A-delta primary afferent axons

A

Carry sharp, initial pain information and temperature information

46
Q

Function of C primary afferent axons

A

Carry slow, dull pain information, temperature and itch

47
Q

Two basic cell types found in the CNS

A

Neurons

Glial cells

48
Q

Specialised type of ependymal cells which produce CSF

A

Choroid plexus cells

49
Q

Term for a microglial cell which has engulfed infectious material

A

Glitter cell

50
Q

Main element in the dry weight of myelin

A

Fat

51
Q

Type of cells glial cells are

A

Support cells which support neurons

Neurosciences (16 decks)

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