Cell types in the nervous system Flashcards
Number of layers in the majority of the cerebrum
6
Name of layer 1 of the neocortex
Molecular/agranular
Name of layer 2 of the neocortex
External granular layer
Name of layer 3 of the neocortex
External pyramidal layer
Name of layer 4 of the neocortex
Internal granular layer
Name of layer 5 of the neocortex
Internal pyramidal layer
Name of layer 6 of the neocortex
Multiform layer
Cells found in layer 1 (the molecular/agranular layer)
No major neuronal cell bodies
Glial cells
Dendrites from neurons of lower layers
Horizontal cells of Cajal
Cells found in layer 2 (the external granular layer)
Granule cells
Small pyramidal cells
Cells found in layer 3 (the external pyramidal layer)
Small and medium pyramidal cells
Cells found in layer 4 (the internal granular layer)
Stellate cells
Some pyramidal cells
Cells found in layer 5 (the internal pyramidal layer)
The largest pyramidal cells
Betz cells
Cells found in layer 6 (the multiform layer)
Mixture of all cells
Corticothalamic fibres
Association/commissural/projection fibres
Number of layers in the cerebellar cortex
3
The three layers of the cerebellar cortex
Molecular layer
Purkinje layer
Granular layer
Cells found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex
Basket cells
Stellate cells
Cells found in the purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex
Purkinje cells
Cells found in the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex
Granule cells
Golgi cells
Cell type which coordinate motor output in the cerebellum
Purkinje cells
Cells which are the largest in the nervous system
Betz cells
Four types of glial cells
Astrocytes - type of macroglia
Oligodendrocytes - type of macroglia
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Most numerous type of glial cells
Astrocytes
Functions of astrocytes
Enable nutrition of neurons
Break down neurotransmitters
Maintain the blood brain barrier
Structural support of neurons
Cell which replace oligodendrocytes in the peripheral nervous sytem
Schwann cells
Function of oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin sheaths
Function of microglia
Clear neuronal debris via scavenging after cell death
Immune system of the CNS
Function of ependymal cells
Cover the ventricles
Facilitate CSF circulation
Ability of lipid soluble vs. water soluble molecules to cross the blood brain barrier
Lipid soluble molecules penetrate easily
Water soluble molecules are usually unable to penetrate
Name for areas of the brain which do not have a blood brain barrier
Circumventricular organs
Type of junction formed by endothelial cells making the blood brain barrier
Tight junction
Types of cells found in the nervous system which do not contain neurons
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Type of neuronal cells which have long axons
Golgi type 1 cells
Type of neuronal cells which have short axons
Golgi type 2 cells
Type of neuronal cells which have no axons
Amacrine neurons
Function of an endosome
Recycling of cell membranes
Most common type of neuronal cells in the cerebral cortex
Pyramidal cells
Type of enzyme seen only in astrocytes
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Embryonic cells which originate from the neural tube and later dissociate from the nervous system
Neural crest
Type of neuron which transmits impulses to between other neurons - often found between a sensory and a motor neuron as part of a reflex arc
Interneuron
Four types of primary afferent axons
A-alpha
A-beta
A-delta
C
Types of primary afferent axons which are myelinated
A axons
Type of primary afferent axon which is unmyelinated
C
Function of A-alpha primary afferent axons
Carry proprioception information
Function of A-beta primary afferent axons
Carry touch information
Function of A-delta primary afferent axons
Carry sharp, initial pain information and temperature information
Function of C primary afferent axons
Carry slow, dull pain information, temperature and itch
Two basic cell types found in the CNS
Neurons
Glial cells
Specialised type of ependymal cells which produce CSF
Choroid plexus cells
Term for a microglial cell which has engulfed infectious material
Glitter cell
Main element in the dry weight of myelin
Fat
Type of cells glial cells are
Support cells which support neurons
