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NE3 > neurocognition > Flashcards

neurocognition Flashcards

1
Q

what comprises cognition?

A

language

social cognition

executive functioning

memory

visuospatial perception

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2
Q

what does cognition require?

A

synaptic interactions between pyramidal cells

of all neocortical association areas

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3
Q

language implementation system? describe it

A

step before brocas and wernickes

decision to use language

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4
Q

what does the medational system consist of?

A

temporal

parietal

frontal association areas

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5
Q

what does the medational system do?

A

relays information to the language implementation system from the third system in language production

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6
Q

what does the conceptual system do?

where does it send information?

A

provides concepts underlying language
ex( match word cup to object cup)

includes ventral visual pathway

sends information to mediational system

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7
Q

what does the ventral visual pathway do?

A

provides us with the names of objects

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8
Q

babies younger than 6 months are referred to as what?

A

language universalists

can understand any language

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9
Q

between 6 and 9 months what happens with babies and sounds?

A

they start to recognize specific sounds related to language

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10
Q

at one year wat happens with babies?

A

convert babbling to a spoken language

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11
Q

during the language acquisition phase, what happens if you learn a language?

A

same pathway as the first language

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12
Q

after the language acquisition phase, what happens if you learn a language?

A

activated an adjacent region next to brocas area

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13
Q

what is the last language region to receive input?

A

language implementation pathway

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14
Q

what are the two components of social cognition?

A

emotional comprehension

theory of mind

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15
Q

what is emotional comprehension?

A

infer anothers emotional state through

Prosody
and
facial expression

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16
Q

how are the neural circuits for recognizing others emotions and producing emotions related?

A

they are the same

17
Q

what is step 1 of emotional comprehension?

A

identify face as something special

via

superior temporal sulcus and fusiform gyrus

18
Q

what is step 2 of emotional comprehension?

A

use amygdala, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingular cortex

connect step 1 with emotional component

19
Q

where do facial cues come from?

A

triangle surrounded eyes. nose and mouth

20
Q

what scans the eyes nose and mouth when looking at a fase?

A

amygdala

21
Q

what if amygdala is damaged?

A

person cant get emotional context from another person face

22
Q

when does the mirror neuron system fire?

A

when you do something, when you see someone else do the same thing

23
Q

what are the three parts of the mirror neuron system, what do they do?

A
  1. posterior superior temporal sulcus: provides visual input
  2. posterior mirror neuron system: identifies that action is happening
  3. anterior mirror neuron system: identifies goal of action
24
Q

how does circuit for imitating interact with limbic system?

A

via insula

25
Q

what is prosody?

A

pattern of stress and intonation in language

26
Q

what is step 1 in perception of prosody

A

primary auditory cortex does basics of sound processing

identity of pitch, loudness, etc

27
Q

what is step 2 of perception of prosody?

A

information sent to right posterior superior temporal sulcus

info from secondary auditory process comes here too

piece together meaning of of loudness, pitch etc

28
Q

what is step 3 of perception of prosody?

A

frontal cortex judges emotional stimulus

29
Q

what is theory of mind?

A

ability to understand the mental states of other, appreciate that they are different than us

30
Q

what is core pathway of theory of mind?

A

amygdala,

connections to medial temporal lobes (memory, sensory)

orbitofrontal areas( sensory, emotional)

31
Q

what is the scaffold for theory of mind?

A

language, becomes less important as you age

32
Q

what is an accessory pathway required for theory of mind?

A

frontal lobes

33
Q

what is needed for theory of mind to exist?

A

emotional comprehension

34
Q

how do you make a decision when you can feel the risks?

A

stimulus encoding system

evaluates evidence when making decision

35
Q

what makes up the stimulus encoding system?

A

orbitofrontal cortex

ventromedial frontal cortex

striatum

36
Q

what does the action selection system do?

A

learns and encodes subjective values of results
error detection

takes over from expected reward system, decides if a decision was good

37
Q

what makes up the action selection system

A

anterior cingulate cortex

38
Q

what makes up the expected reward system? what do each of the components do

A

basal ganglia, amygdala, insular cortex: process social emotions

intraparietal cortex: somatosensory processing , planning/intent

PREDICTS REWARD

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NE3 (15 decks)

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