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NE3 > hypothalamus and limbic > Flashcards

hypothalamus and limbic Flashcards

1
Q

where is the hypothalamus located?

A

diencephalon

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2
Q

what does the hypothalmus do? be specific

A

maintains homeostasis,

water  balance
food intake
temp
circadian rhythm
BP
stress responses
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3
Q

where does hypothalamus get info?

A

forebrain

brainstem

sc

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4
Q

what connects hypothalamus to post pituitary?

A

infundibular stalk

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5
Q

what are the two zone of hypothalamic nuclei?

A

lateral and medial

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6
Q

damage to lateral zone of hypothalamic nuclei causes what?

A

decrease in feeding behavior with weight loss

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7
Q

what nuclei comprise the supraoptic region of hypothal?

A

supraoptic nucleus

suprachiasmatic nucleus

anterior nucleus

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8
Q

what does the supraoptic nucleus contain? what does it effect? what if it doesnt work?

A

oxytocin and ADH

posterior pituitary

lesions cause diabetes

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9
Q

what does the suprachiasmatic nucleus contain? what does it effect? what if it doesnt work?

A

retinal input and circadian rhythms

timing rest vs. activity

can abolish rhythms

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10
Q

what does the anterior nucleus do?

A

visceral/somatic functions

temp regulation

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11
Q

where does medial mammillary nucleus get info from and send info to?

A

afferents from hippocampus

efferents to thalamus and brainstem

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12
Q

what do lesions to medial mammillary nucleus cause?

A

inability to make short term memory into long term memory

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13
Q

what do lesions to ventromedial nucleus cause

A

too much eating and abnormal weight gain

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14
Q

what does the dorsomedial nucleus do? what if its damaged? what if its stimulated?

A

emotional behavior

decreased aggression if damaged

stimulation causes sham rage

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15
Q

what are the major afferent routes to hypothalamus?

A

fornix (comes from hippocampus)

medial forebrain bundle (through lateral hypothalamic zone)

amygdalohypothalamic fibers

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16
Q

what are the efferent pathways of the hypothalamus?

A

mammillary fasciculus

hypothalamothalamic fibers

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17
Q

mammillary fasciculus, where does it go?

A

to anterior nucleus of thalamus,

circuit of papez

18
Q

hypothalamothalmic fiber, where does it go? from where

A

from lateral preoptic area to

dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus

amygdaloid nucleus

19
Q

all vital functions of hypothalamus are controlled by what?

A

autonomic or endocrine systems

20
Q

what are the direct links of the hypothalamus to ANS?

A 
hypothalamomedullary fibers
(solitary nucleus, dorsal vagal nucleus, nucleus ambiguus)

hypothalamospinal fibers (intermediolateral cell column)

21
Q

what disrupts direct links to ANS?

A

lesions in anterolateral medulla

22
Q

what are the indirect links of the hypothalamus to ANS?

A

posterior longitudinal fasciculus and mamillotegmental tract

target PAG

23
Q

how does supraopticohypophysial tract work?

A

neurons of SON and PVN

make oxytocin and ADH which go to posterior pituitary

store hormones in herring bodies

release them into capillary plexus of posterior pituitary

24
Q

how does tuberoinfundibular tract work?

A

releasing hormones to infundibulum and median eminence

has input from PVN and periventricular zone

25
Q

what is included in the limbic system?

A

subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus , parahippocampal gyrus,

uncus, hippocampal , subcortical nuclei

26
Q

where does limbic system receive input from and where does it output to?

what does it influence?

A

receives input from brain and projects to brain areas

influences behavior, memory and pain perception

27
Q

what is papez circuit?

A

anatomicophysiologic mechanism of emotion

28
Q

what is hippocampal formation involved with?

what does it include?

A

learning and memory

subiculum, dentate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus

29
Q

what is the afferent pathway to hippocampus?

A

dentate gyrus to CA3 to CA1 to subiculum

30
Q

what is the effernt pathway of hippocampus

A

subiculum to fornix to

medial mammillary nucleus, ventromedial nucleus,
anterior nucleus

31
Q

what gives afferents to cingulate gyrus?

projects to where?

A

thalamus and cortex

entorhinal cortex via cingulum

32
Q

what is amygdala used for ?

A

motivational and emotional connotations of experience

33
Q

what is the papez circuit for?

A

role limbic system plays in modulating feelings

34
Q

what does the papez circuit consist of ?

A

cingulate gyrus to hippocampal formation

hippocampus to fornix to medial mamillary nuclei

medial mamillary nuclei to anterior nucleus

anterior nucleus to cingulate gyrus

35
Q

what does septal region control

A

rage behavior

36
Q

what is medial forebrain bundle used for?

A

conduit for septal nuclei and hypothalamus to communicate with brainstem

37
Q

what is nucleus accumbens?

where does it receive input?

output?

A

behaviors including addiction and chronic pain

amygdala and hippocampus input

hypothalamus, brainstem and globus pallidus efferent

38
Q

what is hippocampal amnesia?

A

bilateral lesion of hippocampus

cant learn new stuff

only other deficits if surrounding areas damaged

39
Q

what is korsakoffs syndrome?

A

degeneration of mamillary bodies, hippocampus, dorsomedial thalamic nucleus

difficulty learning new tasks, turning those into long term memory

cant understand written material or have meaningful convo

THIAMINE DEFICIENCY,ALCOHOL!!

confabulate memories

40
Q

what is phantosmia?

why?

A

distortion in a smell, perception of smell with no odor

caused by abnormal sequence of neuronal activity

lesion of anterior/medial lobe

hippocampus/amygdala

41
Q

kluver bucy syndrome, what happens and why

A

bilateral temporal lobe lesions that abolish amygdaloid complex

visual agnosia
hyperorality
hypermetamorphosis
placidity
hyperphagia
hypersexuality

NE3 (15 decks)

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