gustation and olfaction dsa

Question 1

what keeps the nasal cavity moist?

Answer 1

ducts and glands in epithelium

Question 2

where are the dendrites and receptors of olfactory cells?

Answer 2

in olfactory epithelium

Question 3

lamina propria holds what?

Answer 3

immune cells

important because immune cells exposed to environment

Question 4

what is held in basal cells?

Answer 4

under basement membrane

stem cells for olfactory neurons, constantly turnover 30-60 days

Question 5

what does olfactory tract do?

Answer 5

connects olfactory bulb to brain

Question 6

what is the cribiform plate?

Answer 6

part of ethmoid bone that olfactory receptor neurons pass through to synapse in olfactory bulb

Question 7

name layers in olfactory bulb superficial to deep

Answer 7

olfactory neurons

glomerulus

external plexiform layer

mitral cell layer

granular cell layer

to

lateral olfactory tract

Question 8

what do granular cells do

Answer 8

regulate other cells in olfactory bulb

Question 9

what do mitral cells do

Answer 9

main carriers of sensory info

receive afferents from receptor neurons, send them to brain

Question 10

what does the external plexiform layer do

Answer 10

contains dendrite of tufted, mitral, granule cells, cross talk between these cells

granule cells release GABA to modulate mitral/tufted cell activity here

Question 11

what does the glomerular layer do?

Answer 11

this is where afferent sensory info comes from environment to olfactory bulb

Question 12

what is the olfactory nerve layer?

Answer 12

contain receptor of olfactory receptor neurons

Question 13

what do centrifugal fibers do?

Answer 13

help regulate feedback loops

Question 14

what are the components of the olfactory tract?

Answer 14

lateral olfactory tract

cells of anterior olfactory nucleus

fibers of anterior commisure

Question 15

what effect does centrifugal fibers have on granule cells, what does it cause?

Answer 15

positive effect

causes them to decrease mitral and tufted cell activity

Question 16

what do periglomerular cells do

Answer 16

antagonize activity of mitral and tufted cells, get used to smells, make them go away

shut transmission of info from these cells to brain

Question 17

how many types of gpcr does one glomerulus receive?

Answer 17

one, but from many neurons

Question 18

how does info get from olfactory bulb to olfactory cortex

Answer 18

lateral olfactory tract

carried by mitral and tufted cells

Question 19

where can info from olfactor bulb go?

Answer 19

any part of olfactory cortex

Question 20

where are taste buds?

Answer 20

throughout oropharyngeal cavity

Question 21

taste buds on soft palate are innervated by what?

Answer 21

greater superficial petrosal nerve

Question 22

sensory fiber cell bodies of facial nerve VII located in?

Answer 22

geniculate ganglion

Question 23

sensory fibers of facial nerve synapse where?

Answer 23

solitary tract

Question 24

describe steps of central taste pathway

Answer 24

synapse in solitary nucleus

travel thru ipsilateral central tegmental tract

go to VPM, synapse

to
frontal operculum and anterior insular cortex via
posterior limb of internal capsule

to
brodmann area 3b

Question 25

what is hyposomia, what causes it?

Answer 25

decreased sensitivity to odorants

nasal polyps

Question 26

what is ageusia?

Answer 26

loss of taste totally, rare

Question 27

what is hypogeusisa

Answer 27

reduced taste sensitivity

Question 28

dysguesia?

Answer 28

commonly due to drug use, taste perception altered

Question 29

damage to distal geniculate ganglion?

Answer 29

taste may or may not be lost

ipsilateral facial paralysis for sure