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Normal Animal Test 1 > Neurobiology > Flashcards

Neurobiology Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal Cord

Anything incased in bone

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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3
Q

Nervous System Function

6 Steps

A

Stimulus
Sensor receptor
input (afferent signals)
integration and processing (CNS)
output (efferent signals)
response (muscle contraction and gland secretion)

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4
Q

Nervous System Development

3 steps

A

Starts as a thickening in ectoderm (PLATE)
folds to form tube
cells at the edge of neural plate becoming the neutral crest

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5
Q

gyri

A

gives rise to ridges

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6
Q

sulci

A

grooves in the cerebral cortex

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7
Q

Parts of the neuron

A

Cell body - ATP production
Dendrites - receive incoming signals
Axon- conduct outgoing signals
Axon Terminal - releases chemical neurotransmitters

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8
Q

The Neuron

A

Function of the nervous system
Highly specialized and does not divide

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9
Q

3 types of neuron sensors

A
  1. sensory- detects environmental stimuli
  2. motor- relay information from the central nervous system to the EFFECTOR organs
  3. internernors- most common, found around CNS
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10
Q

Where is grey matter and white matter found

A

grey- mostly cell bodies and dendrites
white- mostly axons

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11
Q

Which one is grey and white matter

A

Blue: White matter
Pink: grey matter

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12
Q

Explain neuronal signaling
between cells and electrons

A

Signally between cells is chemical
Between electrons is electrical

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13
Q

Ion Chanel

A

Voltage Gate and Ligand Gates

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14
Q

Depolization

A

Resting membrane potential becomes less negative
ex: Na

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15
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

resting membrane potential becomes more negative
ex: Cl

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16
Q

Types of Neurotransmitters

A

Excitatory and Inhibitory

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17
Q

Astrocytes

A

structural support
part of blood brain barrier

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18
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

insulation of CNS neuron axons

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19
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Similar to oligodendrocytes but in peripheral nervous system

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20
Q

Ependymal Cells/Choroid Plexus

A

lines the ventricle and central canal

21
Q

Microgila

A

Derived from precursors in yolk sac
important for phagocytosis of necrotic neural tissue

22
Q

4 parts of the brain

A

prosencephalon (forebrain)
mescncphalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
spinal cord

23
Q

parts of prosencephalon (forebrain)

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

24
Q

parts of rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

A

mesencephalon and myelencephalon

25
Q

parts of spinal cord

A

central canal

26
Q

parts of mesencephalon and myelencephalon

A

4th ventricle

27
Q

parts of mescncphalon (midbrain)

A

mesencephalic and aqueduct

28
Q

parts of diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

29
Q

parts of telencephalon

A

lateral ventricles

30
Q

parts of lateral ventricles (telencephalon)

A

cerebral cortex and hippocampus

31
Q

parts of 3rd ventricle (diencephalon)

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

32
Q

parts of mesencephalic and aqueduct

33
Q

parts of 4th ventricle (mesencephalon and myelencephalon)

A

metencephalon, post cerebellum, and medulla

34
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outermost and largest part of the brain

Higher level processing and integration of sensory stimuli and initation of motor response

35
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

undivided Cerebral Cortex

36
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

ventricles 1 and 2
located within the cerebral hemispheres

37
Q

hydrocephalus

A

left ventricle enlarges

38
Q

Hippocampus

A

Function: learning and memory
sear horse shaped

39
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Function: voluntary control of moment and procedural learning

Found in: telencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon

40
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station for input to the cerebral cortex

41
Q

Hypothalamus

A

endocrine regulation, appetite and emotional behavior

42
Q

3rd ventile

A

associated with diencephalon

43
Q

Midbrain= mesencephalon functions (3)

A

cranial nerve reflexes
motor control
sleep/walk cycle

44
Q

Mesencephalic aqueduct

A

connects 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

45
Q

Cerebellum function

A

maintenance of posture and balance

46
Q

Pons function

A

facial movement, hearing, balance, respiration, and sleep

47
Q

medulla functions

A

breathing, blood pressure, respiration

48
Q

4th ventricle

A

contacts aqueduct to central canal

49
Q

spinal cord segments (3)

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

Normal Animal Test 1 (16 decks)

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