Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Normal Animal Test 1 > Domestication > Flashcards

Domestication Flashcards

Dr. Sponenberg

1
Q

Compare domestic and wild life selection environments and the effect on animal population

A
  1. early decrease in size and increase later (mammals)
  2. early increase in size (birds)
  3. decreased flight distance (easier to approach even untamed domestic species than wild species)
  4. Color change
  5. Retain neotenic characters (cute)
  6. Decreased cranial capacity (selects for tameness and cooperation) (inherently decreases intelligence)
  7. Increased genetic variability and increased rate thereof (domestic animals generate spontaneous variations of genes faster than their wild counterparts)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pre-adaptations of domestication

A
  1. Diet: herbivorous or omnivorous (carnivores are hard to tame with the exception of cats)
  2. Growth Rate: faster is better
  3. Reproduce in captivity: polygamous with no elaborate courtship (except geese)
  4. Disposition: not nasty or aggressive
  5. Limited tendency to panic (except horses)
  6. Social Structure: herds with dominancy, nonterritorial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Contrast sheep and goat morphologic consequences

A

Sheep Changes: horns, longer tails, shorter/thicker legs, fat deposits
Goat changes: 1st domesticated ruminants! horns, ears, profile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gentrification

A

standardization by removing from original region and selecting for uniformity outside of original environment for a purpose other than the original
(Applies to most dog breeds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Landrace

A

a genetic breed that is genetically isolated by default from cultural, geographic, or communication factors. NO Organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dog Predatory Sequence

A
  1. Orient
  2. Eye
  3. Stalk
  4. Chase
  5. Grab/Bite
  6. Crush/Kill
  7. Dissect
  8. Consume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sight Hounds

A

large and lean
big eyes in front for binocular vision
like to chase
usually silent
color varies (liver color is rare)
intelligent
do not like pain (tend to bite when in pain)
Examples: whippets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scent Hounds

A

smooth coats
lop ears
bay (bark, make noise) when chasing to help hunters follow
color varies (liver is rare)
Example: basset hounds, beagles, coonhounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pointers

A

large and lean
short or long coats
work back and forth to find birds
color varies (liver is common)
mostly european
Examples: Irish Setter, German Shorthaired Pointer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Retrievers

A

large and heavy
moderate lope ears
straight tails
black, yellow, and liver
require a degree of obedience
Examples: Labradors, Goldens, Poodles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spaniels

A

combine pointing and retrieving
medium sized, longer hair
lop ears
all colors present, liver is common
most have docked tails
Examples: Cocker Spaniels, English Springer Spaniels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Terriers

A

wirehaired or smooth
tough, aggressive
control rats, foxes
most have docked tails
colors vary
can “self-destruct” in groups due to high prey drive
Examples: Bull Terrier, Airedale, Jack Russell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fighters

A

usually large, shorthaired
moderate rose or small lop ears
color doesn’t matter
aggression is the goal of selection (general dog aggressive but some can be people aggressive)
Example: Pitbulls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Herders/heelers

A

control predation
hearders: take to handler
heelers: take away from handler
continental group: established boundary point for livestock
Examples: Red Heeler, Australian Shepherd, Border Collie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Livestock Guardians

A

large, heavy, longhaired
usually white
small lop ears
aggressive to novel stimuli (important to socialize with people from a young age)
Nonpredatory
Not very trainable
independent
Example: Great Pyrenees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mastiffs

A

large, shorthairds
color varies, usually no white
vary by use (guarding, fighting, companions, draft)
Examples: boxers, Dobermans, English mastiff

17
Q

Spitz

A

harder to predict
variable in size, color, and behavior
stiff hair, curly tail, erect ears
Examples: Siberian Husky, Finnish Spitz

18
Q

Giants

A

huge loose skin
european for draft and rescue
Examples: Saint Bernard, Newfie

19
Q

Toy/Pets

A

from everywhere
variety of breed backgrounds
selected for companionship
Examples: Pugs, Cavaliers, Toy Poodles, Shih Tzus

20
Q

Cattle

A

Uses: milk, meat, leather, plastic (from horns), manure fertilizer, manure fuel, manure bricks, sacrifice, bride price, symbol of wealth

(Cow pox saves us from small pox)

Others: Yaks, water buffalo, Bali

21
Q

Deer

A

poor domestication
males are aggressive during rut
Exception: Moose and reindeer

22
Q

Swine

A

useful as scavengers
Bacon type: large, long, poorly muscles
Lard type: cobby, thick, and very fat
Meat type: long, thick, and muscular

23
Q

Horses

A

Uses: riding (mobility and transport), packing, hauling, meat, milk

24
Q

Ass

A

Uses: threshing grain, packing, riding, meat, milk
Half of the worlds equine

25
Q

Camel

A

ideal for sandy deserts
Uses: packing, meat, milk, pulling/hauling
Dromedary: one hump- riding, packing, draft, dairy
*Produce more milk when dehydrated

Bactrian: 2 humps- packing, draft, fiber, meat, milk

26
Q

Cat

A

domestication was passive
Breeds:
Eastern: long and lean (ex: oriental shorthair)
Intermediate: average size (ex: Russian blue)
Cobby: round

27
Q

Ferrets

A

domesticated as aid to hunting rabbits and vermin

28
Q

Rabbits

A

domesticated for meat (small animals are food sources where there are no left overs to preserve)

29
Q

Guinea Pigs

A

domesticated for meat (small animals are food sources where there are no left overs to preserve)

also used for pets and ritual medicine

30
Q

Fowl

A

Uses: cockfighting, religion, meat, eggs

31
Q

Ducks

A

better egg layers, lay one egg every 24 hours

32
Q

Geese

A

loud- alert us to predators

33
Q

Domestication

A

taming animals, close relationship with people and animals, genetic change

34
Q

Standarized breed

A

a genetic breed has an organization of breeders and is breeding animals to conform to a standard. genetic isolation is designed

35
Q

Industrial Stock

A

subset of a genetic breed selected for outstanding performance in narrow range of events

36
Q

general patterns of development

A

domestication, then landrace than primitive breed, then standardized breed

Normal Animal Test 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions