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Normal Animal Test 1 > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Major Properties of Muscles

A

Contractility
Excitably
Extensibility
Elasticity

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2
Q

Contractility

A

Shorten muscle

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3
Q

Excitability

A

Muscle response to stimulus

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4
Q

extensibility

A

Ability to stretch

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5
Q

elasticity

A

ability to recoil to resting length

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Attach to bones
Nuclei are multiple per cell and peripherally located
striated

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7
Q

Important structures of skeletal muscles

A

Bone, tendon, fascicle, blood vessels, muscle fiber

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8
Q

tendons

A

fibrous connective tissues that connect to muscle fibers

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9
Q

Muscle anatomy

A

Origin or head
insertion
belly

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10
Q

Synergists

A

Separates muscles that work together to cause moment around a joint

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11
Q

agonist

A

muscles causing a particular action when it contracts

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12
Q

antagonists

A

muscles working in opposition to agonist, typically relaxes during contraction of agonist

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13
Q

parallel fiber arrangement

A

longitudinal

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14
Q

pennate fibers arrangement

A

on an angle

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15
Q

What are the ends od the sarcomere

A

z lines

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16
Q

Gating

A

opening and closing of ion channel in response to electrical or chemical signal

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17
Q

Selective Permeability

A

Allows selective ions to pass through

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18
Q

3 phases of action potential

A
  1. depoalrization
  2. repolarization
  3. hyperpolarization
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19
Q

depolarization

A

above the threshold

20
Q

repolarization

A

below the threshold, re establishing resting potential

21
Q

hyperpolarization

A

after potential

22
Q

sarcolemma

A

plasma membrane

23
Q

t tubules

A

infoldinfgs in of the scarolemma

24
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

specialized with Ca reservoirs in the cell

25
Q

Scaroplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (serca)

A

ion pump protein that moves Ca from scaroplasm to SR restoring Ca

26
Q

How can the magnitude of force produce in whole muscle contraction be controled?

A

motor unit contraction
stimulation
initial length of muscle fibers

27
Q

graded contractions

A

produced by variation in number of motor units activated

28
Q

innervation ratios

A

vary based functional requirements of muscle

29
Q

Explain the effect of stimulation to contraction

A

The force of the contraction can depend on the time of the stimulus and how frequently the stimulus are

30
Q

Length tension Relationship in an isolated muscle Fiber

A

Force exerted depends on the number of myson heads engaged in cross bridge cycling with actin filaments

31
Q

Length tension relationship in a muscle unit including tendons

A

the passive tendons put the normal active tension to create the Total tension

32
Q

elastic recoil

A

the effect of series elastic component of the actively stretched muscle
EX: kangaroo hop

33
Q

Stretched muscle

A

ANS signal to contract and shorten muscle

34
Q

3 types od skeletal fibers

A

slow oxidative fibers
fast oxidative fibers
fast glycolytic fibers

35
Q

fast fibers

A

high myosin ATPase, fatigue rapidly (sprinter)

36
Q

slow fibers

A

low myosin ATPase, fatigue slower (long distance runner)

37
Q

Oxidative fibers

A

+++ mitochondria
containing myoglobin, increase rate of oxygen in fiber

38
Q

glycolytic fibers

A

few mitochondria
can develop more tension
fatigue quickly

39
Q

Low intensity exercise affect

A

oxidative fibers

40
Q

high intensity exercise affect

A

glycolytic fibers

41
Q

Fatigue is associated with

A

ATP depletion and loss of Ca

42
Q

Increase in muscle mass change

A

exercise
mechanical stress
SYNTHESIS of myofibrils

43
Q

Decrease in muscle mass changes

A

Inactivty
absense of mechanical stress
DEGRATION of proteins

44
Q

Atrophy

A

Muscle wasting or loss

45
Q

Skeletal muscles has a high degree of

A

plasticity

Normal Animal Test 1 (16 decks)

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