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Normal Animal Test 1 > Axial Skeletal > Flashcards

Axial Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Head Skeleton

A

skull (including the mandible)
bones in the middle ear
hyoid apparatus

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2
Q

Types of skulls

A

Brachycephalic - shorted and wide
mesatiephalic - normal
dolichocephalic - long less brain area

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3
Q

3 cavities of the skull

A
  1. cranial
  2. nasal
  3. paranasal
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4
Q

What is the roof of the cranial cavity

A

calvaria

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5
Q

What forms the postal wall of the cranial cavity
and separates the nasal and cranial cavity

A

Cribriform plate

it has tiny holes for passage of olfactory nerves and blood vessels

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6
Q

What contains the rostal part of facial bones

A

nasal cavity

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7
Q

what divides the nasal cavity into two nasal fossae

A

nasal septum

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8
Q

What is the postal one boney opening into the nasal cavity

A

nasal aperture

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9
Q

What is the 2 boney openings at the cadual end of the hard plate

A

The choanae

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10
Q

What is the air filled spaces in the facial bones of the skull?

A

paransal sinuses

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11
Q

4 pairs of horse paransal sinuses

A
  1. maxiallary
  2. frontal
  3. conchal
  4. sphenonpalatine
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12
Q

6 pairs of Bov sinuses

A
  1. maxiallary
  2. frontal
  3. conchal
  4. spheniod
  5. palatine
  6. lacrimal
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13
Q

What is the arrow pointing to and its clinic significance

A

the Vascular notch only present in the horse
you can use it for palpation of pulse

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14
Q

What is the hyoid apparatus

A

a series of connected bones that suspends the tongue and larynx from skull

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15
Q

Within the hyoid apparatus what is absent in carnivores

A

the lingual process

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16
Q

What is a clinical relevant palpable structure arch of bone of skull

A

zygomatic arch

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17
Q

What is the palpable land mark between nasal and incisive bones

A

nasoincinsive notch

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18
Q

What does the * mark

A

Facial Tuberosity

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19
Q

The funnel shaped region that houses the eye

A

orbit

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20
Q

region caudoventral to the orbit

A

pterygopalatine fossa

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21
Q

The opening of the ear

A
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22
Q

What connects the hyoid apparatus to the skull

A

mastoid process

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23
Q

Clinical significance of cornual process

A

direct continuation from frontal bone. When dehorning you can expose frontal bone

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24
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

external sagittal crest

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25
Q

Clinical significance of the temporal line

A

you can palpate the temporal line and inject the corral vein to dehorn on cattle because the temporal line has been pushed laterally by the frontal bone

26
Q

What forms the roof of oral cavity

A

hard palate

27
Q

Clinical significance of tympanic bulla od the cat

A

its divided into 2 unequal parts and its wear the inner ear infections are. It has to be broken into order to permittaly drain

28
Q

What is number 1 pointing to and the clinical significance

A

external occipital protuberance
important palpable landmark for CSF taps in dogs

29
Q

What is the arrow pointing too and the clinical significance?

A

infraorbital foraman
location for dental nerve blocks

30
Q

Importance of fontanelles

A

soft part of skull, important for when being born because the bones can over lap

31
Q

What are the fibrous joints of the skull

A

gomphosis

32
Q

joint of the hyoid apparatus with the skull

A

cartilaginous joints

33
Q

articulation of the hyoid apparatus with the larynx

A

synovial joint

34
Q

of thoracic

A

13

35
Q

of Cervical

A

7

36
Q

of lumbar

A

7

37
Q

of sacral

A

3

38
Q

of cadual

A

20+/-

39
Q

Vertebral Column of dog

A

C7T13L7S3CD20

40
Q

Vertebral column of horse

A

C7T18S5cd20

41
Q

Vertebral column of ox

A

C7T13L6D5CD20

42
Q

Veterbral column of sheep/goat

A

C7T13L6S4CD16-18

43
Q

2 Clinical significant issues with spine

A

Quasimodo dogs
intervertebral disc disease

44
Q

3 main structures if typical vertebra

A
45
Q

Transitional Vertebrae

A

located between 2 adjacent vertebral regions

46
Q

in the cervical vertebrae they have transverse foramina except

A

C7

47
Q

the transverse foramina together form the

A

transverse canal for the vertebral VAN

48
Q

C1 atlas

A

supports the head
lateral vertebral foramen

49
Q

C2 axis

A

atypical vertebra

50
Q

c3, c4, c5

A

long body
large ridge like spinous process

51
Q

C6

A

large transverse process (TP)
land mark for surgery

52
Q

C7 (transitional vertebra)

A

higher spinous process
no transervse forma

53
Q

Ribs

A

articulate with 2 thoracic vertebrae but takes its # form casual vertebra

54
Q

Equine ribs

A

18 ribs
17 intercostal spaces

55
Q

costal arch

A

palpable behind floating rib

56
Q

sternum

A

6-8 sterbrae fused together

57
Q

xiphoid cartilage

A
58
Q

The accessory process is ____ to the articular process

A

caudal

accessory is yellow

59
Q

spina bifida

A

when cleft vertebra don’t fuse
common in bulldogs

60
Q

name 3 long ligaments in the vertebral column

A

red: supraspoinous ligament
Green: dorsal ligament
blue: ventral ligament

Normal Animal Test 1 (16 decks)

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