Axial Skeletal Flashcards
Head Skeleton
skull (including the mandible)
bones in the middle ear
hyoid apparatus
Types of skulls
Brachycephalic - shorted and wide
mesatiephalic - normal
dolichocephalic - long less brain area
3 cavities of the skull
- cranial
- nasal
- paranasal
What is the roof of the cranial cavity
calvaria
What forms the postal wall of the cranial cavity
and separates the nasal and cranial cavity
Cribriform plate
it has tiny holes for passage of olfactory nerves and blood vessels
What contains the rostal part of facial bones
nasal cavity
what divides the nasal cavity into two nasal fossae
nasal septum
What is the postal one boney opening into the nasal cavity
nasal aperture
What is the 2 boney openings at the cadual end of the hard plate
The choanae
What is the air filled spaces in the facial bones of the skull?
paransal sinuses
4 pairs of horse paransal sinuses
- maxiallary
- frontal
- conchal
- sphenonpalatine
6 pairs of Bov sinuses
- maxiallary
- frontal
- conchal
- spheniod
- palatine
- lacrimal
What is the arrow pointing to and its clinic significance
the Vascular notch only present in the horse
you can use it for palpation of pulse
What is the hyoid apparatus
a series of connected bones that suspends the tongue and larynx from skull
Within the hyoid apparatus what is absent in carnivores
the lingual process
What is a clinical relevant palpable structure arch of bone of skull
zygomatic arch
What is the palpable land mark between nasal and incisive bones
nasoincinsive notch
What does the * mark
Facial Tuberosity
The funnel shaped region that houses the eye
orbit
region caudoventral to the orbit
pterygopalatine fossa
The opening of the ear
What connects the hyoid apparatus to the skull
mastoid process
Clinical significance of cornual process
direct continuation from frontal bone. When dehorning you can expose frontal bone
What are the black arrows pointing to?
external sagittal crest
Clinical significance of the temporal line
you can palpate the temporal line and inject the corral vein to dehorn on cattle because the temporal line has been pushed laterally by the frontal bone
What forms the roof of oral cavity
hard palate
Clinical significance of tympanic bulla od the cat
its divided into 2 unequal parts and its wear the inner ear infections are. It has to be broken into order to permittaly drain
What is number 1 pointing to and the clinical significance
external occipital protuberance
important palpable landmark for CSF taps in dogs
What is the arrow pointing too and the clinical significance?
infraorbital foraman
location for dental nerve blocks
Importance of fontanelles
soft part of skull, important for when being born because the bones can over lap
What are the fibrous joints of the skull
gomphosis
joint of the hyoid apparatus with the skull
cartilaginous joints
articulation of the hyoid apparatus with the larynx
synovial joint
of thoracic
13
of Cervical
7
of lumbar
7
of sacral
3
of cadual
20+/-
Vertebral Column of dog
C7T13L7S3CD20
Vertebral column of horse
C7T18S5cd20
Vertebral column of ox
C7T13L6D5CD20
Veterbral column of sheep/goat
C7T13L6S4CD16-18
2 Clinical significant issues with spine
Quasimodo dogs
intervertebral disc disease
3 main structures if typical vertebra
Transitional Vertebrae
located between 2 adjacent vertebral regions
in the cervical vertebrae they have transverse foramina except
C7
the transverse foramina together form the
transverse canal for the vertebral VAN
C1 atlas
supports the head
lateral vertebral foramen
C2 axis
atypical vertebra
c3, c4, c5
long body
large ridge like spinous process
C6
large transverse process (TP)
land mark for surgery
C7 (transitional vertebra)
higher spinous process
no transervse forma
Ribs
articulate with 2 thoracic vertebrae but takes its # form casual vertebra
Equine ribs
18 ribs
17 intercostal spaces
costal arch
palpable behind floating rib
sternum
6-8 sterbrae fused together
xiphoid cartilage
The accessory process is ____ to the articular process
caudal
accessory is yellow
spina bifida
when cleft vertebra don’t fuse
common in bulldogs
name 3 long ligaments in the vertebral column
red: supraspoinous ligament
Green: dorsal ligament
blue: ventral ligament
