Intercellular Communication and Gene Expression Flashcards
Communication Systems typically invite provision for
-specificity of signals recognition
-signal amplification
-transduction
Communication systems responds in
graded
qualitatively
temporally appropriate
Ligands or primary messangers
typically comprise the signal conveyed in a chemical form from one cell to another
usually water soluble
Receptors
resides at the cell surface (plasma membrane)
recognizes and pays attention to what is happening outside of the cell
Secondary Messengers
formed inside a cell and responding to the receptors triggering a responds
Signal Transduction pathways often employ_____________
protein phosphorylation as a rapid and efficient means of changing the behavior
Significance of cAMP
**classic second messenger
produced quickly from materials that are in abundance (energetically inexpensive) and is easily/quickly degraded
Significance of GPCR
transduce signals by changing the polarization of the plasma membrane
**Common receptors for a variety of different pathways
Acetylcholine
signals that control muscle contraction
What type of messenger is Acetylcholine
Chemical messenger
As a chemical messenger Acetylcholine can be changed and used in different ways.
Depolarization
When muscle contraction is started. ACH is bonded to ion channel sending Na through
How is muscle contraction stopped?
Hydrolysis or removal of Acetylcholine
Odorant Signling
Olfactory Receptor Neurons
Neurons that run to the muscus membranes
Tyrosine Kinase Domain
Receptors->Gproteincoupledreceptor->cAMPphosphorylation
CDK associated with G1 phase of cell
controls gene expression from G1 to S
inside the cell
regulated process
long lasting
