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Normal Animal Test 1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is embryology

A

the study of development from fertilization to birth

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2
Q

teratology

A

abnormal development

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3
Q

importance of embryology

A

understand gross anatomical fetatures
development of certain common congenital defects

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4
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size

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5
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in number

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6
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size and number

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7
Q

metaplasia

A

changes in cell morphology

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8
Q

Patterning

A

establishment of correct orientation or position of preprogrammed subgroups of cells to each other

precedes differentiation or morphogenis

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9
Q

morphogesis

A

any change in shape of cells and tissues

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10
Q

differentiation

A

process by which any undifferentiated cell becomes committed to a particular cell lineage

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11
Q

Apoptosis

A

regulated cell death

slow turnover of cell remnants
NO INFLAMMATION

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12
Q

Necrosis

A

injury or external accident that was externally
irreversible cell injury
rapid death
inflammation

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13
Q

paracrine signaling

A

cell to cell signaling

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14
Q

Contact dependent signaling

A

must be in contact

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15
Q

Autocrine signaling

A

same cell types in the same tissue

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16
Q

Synaptic signaling

A

neurotransmitters releasing to synaptic space

17
Q

Endocrine signaling

A

common in hormones

18
Q

Induction

A

fate of the group cells is determined by interactions with another group

19
Q

Order of Induction

A
  1. instructive
  2. permissive
20
Q

instructive

A

cell follows a different pathway

21
Q

permissive

A

additional signal to continue on that path

22
Q

What make up morula

A

blastomeres

23
Q

trophoectoderm/ trophpblast

A

group of cells of the morula

24
Q

inner cell mass

A

becomes the embryo

25
Q

1st week of development

A

Blastulation

26
Q

Parts of the inner cell mass

A

Epiblast -embryo
hypoblast-extra embryonic membranes

27
Q

What is the germ layer formation

A

Gastrulation

28
Q

3 germ layers

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

29
Q

Ectoderm

A

Surface ectoderm and neruroectoderm

30
Q

Surface ectoderm

A

integumentary system
epithelium of eye, oral and nasal

31
Q

Nuroectoderm

A

Neural tube
Neural crest

32
Q

Neural tube

33
Q

Neural Crest

34
Q

Mesoderm

A

musculoskeletal system
cardaovasular system
urogenital system

35
Q

Endoderm

A

epithelial lining of GI and respiratory track

36
Q

Notochord sends signaling to

37
Q

Ectoderm developing neural groove in

A

neural plate

38
Q

teratology

A

study of abnormal development

39
Q

1st generation is

A

suscptible to teratogens

Normal Animal Test 1 (16 decks)

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