Neuroanatomy 5 Flashcards
What are the four main areas of the brain? What are their specific functions?
Frontal lobe (deals with comprehension of language, abstract thought and most advanced part of the brain)
Parietal lobe (processes information, where the somatosensory cortex is)
Occipital lobe (vision)
Temporal lobe (hearing/speech)
What are the sulcus found in the brain? What do they divide?
Central sulcus - SL and PL
Parieto-occipital sulcus - PL and OL
Lateral sulcus - PL FL and TL
This separates the cerebrum and cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli
What are the gyrus found in the brain? What are their functions?
Precentral gyrus - primary motor cortex (somatic efferent)
Postcentral gyrus - primary somatosensory cortex (somatic afferent)
What pathway does the primary motor cortex use? How many neurons are involved?
Corticospinal pathway = 2 neurons
What pathway does the primary somatosensory cortex use? How many neurons are involved?
Dorsal column pathway = 3 neurons
What is the cerebral cortex made of?
Grey matter
What is grey matter?
A collection of cell bodies
What is white matter?
A collection of axons.
What are the types of white matter in the brain? Explain their functions.
Commissural tract = when axons coming from 2 points within the cortex meet
Projection tract = when axons extend from the cortex to other areas of CNS
Association tract = when axons (usually on the same side) communicate between brain areas
What are the 2 structures found within the diencephalon?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What happens when the primary motor cortex is damaged?
Paralysis in that area of the body
What happens when the primary somatosensory cortex is damaged?
Loss of sensation, no perception of touch in that area of the body
What makes the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
What is the anatomy when looking through the medial view of a brainstem?
diencephalon (hypothalamus and thalamus), cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, and the classic 3
