Endocrine System 5

Question 1

This results in over production of growth hormone

Answer 1

Gigantism

Question 2

This is a result of growth hormone deficiency

Answer 2

Primordial dwarfism/dwarfism

Question 3

This is a disorder whereby there is not enough thyroid hormone (hyposecretion) in newborns

mostly caused by lack of iodine in mother’s diet.

Answer 3

Infantile hypothyroidism

Question 4

This is a disorder characterised by iodine deficiency. Where the thyroid gland is unable to make enough thyroid hormone due to lack of iodine,

This results in the overstimulation and overgrowth of the thyroid gland

Answer 4

Iodine deficiency disorder/simple goiter

Question 5

This disorder is characterised by hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

Common symptoms include: high metabolic rate and weight loss

Answer 5

Graves’ disease

Question 6

This disorder leads to excess PTH secretion. Usually caused by parathyroid tumour.

Common symptoms include: bones becoming soft, deformed and fragile

This also raises the blood levels of calcium and phosphate ions. (plasma Calcium and Phosphate)

Promotes formation of kidney stones

Answer 6

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 7

This occurs when the blood calcium concentration is too high.

Results in:
- nerve and muscle cells being less responsive
- muscle weakness and sluggish responses
- if plasma levels are significantly elevated = cardiac arrest

Answer 7

Hypercalcaemia

Question 8

This occurs when blood calcium concentration is too low.

• increased excitability of the nervous system
• leads to lots of muscle tremors, spasms or cramps

Answer 8

Hypocalcaemia

Question 9

This is when there’s little to no insulin secreted. (hyposecretion)

Caused by: the destruction of pancreatic Beta cells by the immune system

Answer 9

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Question 10

This is when there’s too little to no response to insulin (hyposensitive): Insulin resistance

Caused by desensitisation of insulin receptor.

Answer 10

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2