Neuroanatomy 2

Question 1

What is somatic information? What are the two pathways of somatic information?

Answer 1

The stuff we are aware of/have control over

• somatic afferent (sensory information going in)
• somatic efferent (sensory information going out)

Question 2

What is autonomic information? What are the two pathways of autonomic information?

Answer 2

The stuff we are not aware of/have no control over

• autonomic afferent (sensory information we don’t know about)
• autonomic efferent (involuntary muscle control/reflexes)

Question 3

Describe the somatic efferent division. Describe the:

-axon
-neurotransmitter
-effector

Answer 3

• Has 2 neurons between brain and effector
• upper motor neuron - brain and spinal cord
• lower motor neuron - spinal cord and nerve
• Axon is myelinated in both upper and lower motor neuron
  *Neurotransmitter used is acetylcholine
  *Effectors => skeletal muscles

Question 4

These are things the nerves go to and control

Answer 4

Effectors

Question 5

What is the neurotransmitter released in the somatic efferent division?

Answer 5

Acetylcholine

Question 6

How does information come in through the body? How does information from the brain go out into the body?

Answer 6

1) receptors 2) effectors

Question 7

Describe the autonomic efferent nervous system.

Answer 7

*has two divisions: sympathetic & parasympathetic
*3 neurons between brain and effector

• neuron 1: brain and spinal cord
• neuron 2: brain/spinal cord (CNS) and axon in PNS
• neuron 3: cell body in PNS and axon in PNS

*lots of effectors
*releases acetylcholine and norepinephrine

Question 8

This has cell body in CNS and axon extends to PNS. It is myelinated and synapses in the autonomic ganglion.

Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine

Answer 8

Neuron 2, preganglionic neuron

Question 9

This has its cell body in the autonomic ganglion (PNS) and axon extends to effector organ. It is unmyelinated and synapses on the effector organ.

*neurotransmitter: acetylcholine/norepinephrine

Answer 9

Neuron 3, postganglionic neuron

Question 10

What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 10

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 11

This prepares the body for acute/stress responses. Fight or flight.

What is its neurotransmitter?

Answer 11

Sympathetic nervous system.

• norepinephrine

Question 12

This prepares the body for restful situations. Rest and digest.

What is its neurotransmitter?

Answer 12

Parasympathetic Nervous System.

• acetylcholine

Question 13

Is the preganglionic axon short/long? (In sympathetic nervous system)

Answer 13

Short.

Question 14

Is the postganglionic neuron short/long? (In sympathetic nervous system)

Answer 14

Long

Question 15

Where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron? (In sympathetic nervous system?)

Answer 15

Thoracolumbar levels of spinal cord