Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards
This often happens with your knowing the stimuli or information
Integration
This deals with the preparation of doing something/acting in response to the stimuli
Coordination
This deals with the preparation of doing something/acting in response to the stimuli
Coordination
What are the 2 main sections of the nervous system? What are their main components?
Central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (peripheral nerves and ganglia)
These are cells specialised for transmission of information/action potentials
Nerves
What is the glia?
Provides support for neurons and has specific functions within the CNS and PNS
These receive input via receptors and send information over to the cell body
Dendrites
This contains nucleus and organelles. It sums the input sent by the dendrites.
Also known as the input zone.
Cell body
These carry electrical impulses from the brain throughout the body. They may either be myelinated or unmyelinated.
Axons
This is the end of an axon and usually where neurotransmitter release occurs.
Axon terminal
Group of cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Bundle of axons in the CNS
Tract
Group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex/spinal cord (within the CNS)
Grey matter
Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex/spinal cord (within the CNS)
White matter
Group of cell bodies in the PNS
Ganglion/ganglia
Bundle of axons in the PNS
Nerves
What is the input zone?
- it is composed of dendrites and cell body
- receives chemical signals from other neurons
What is the summation zone?
Where the summation of inputs occurs - involves axon hillock
What is the conduction zone?
Where information is passed on between neuron to neuron
Involves axon terminals and release of neurotransmitter.
Anatomical location where inputs are summated before action potential
Axon hillock
These supply nutrients to neurons
Ensheath blood capillaries and are involved in injury response (in the CNS)
Astrocytes
These are the immune cells of the CNS
But they also engulf microorganisms and debris
Microglia
Line fluid filled spaces of the brain and spinal cord that have cilia to circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Ependymal cells
These support nerve fibres and ensheath them in myelin (in the CNS)
Oligodendrocytes
These support peripheral nerve fibres and ensheath them with myelin
Schwann cells
This is lipid wrapped around an axon
Myelin sheath
Where does the myelin sheath come form in CNS and PNS?
CNS => oligodendrocytes
PNS => Schwann cells
Gaps between myelin => increase conduction velocity
Nodes of Ranvier
How does communication between neurons occur?
Through a synapse.
This neuron:
-releases neurotransmitter from axon terminal
-contains synaptic vesicles
-it’s before the synapse
Upstream/presynaptic neuron
This neuron:
-contains receptors for neurotransmitter
-is usually in after the synapse
Down stream neuron/postsynaptic neuron
Information that goes into the brain
Afferent/ascending information
Information that goes out of the brain
Efferent/descending information
