Endocrine System 2

Question 1

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 1

The base of the brain and is attached to the hypothalamus

• pituitary gland is DIRECTLY attached to the hypothalamus

Question 2

This controls the secretion of pituitary hormones.

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

How is the hypothalamus activated to stimulate the secretion of the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

Via neural inputs (like action potential from sensory neuron)

Question 4

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland?

Answer 4

Posterior lobe and anterior lobe

Question 5

How is the posterior lobe connected to the hypothalamus?

Answer 5

Through neurons.

• This means that the hypothalamus useneural communication with the posterior lobe to release hormones into the blood

Question 6

How is the anterior lobe connected to the hypothalamus?

Answer 6

Through blood vessels

Question 7

What does the secretion of hormones in the posterior lobe depend on?

Answer 7

The frequency of action potentials => the intensity of the action potential

Question 8

What are the main hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 8

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

Question 9

Where are the posterior pituitary hormones made?

Answer 9

In the hypothalamus

• they are stored in axon terminals and released when needed (eg., peptide hormones)

Question 10

What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 10

Hypothalamic hormones like releasing/inhibiting hormones

Question 11

Where are releasing hormones secreted in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 11

Releasing hormones prompt the release of anterior pituitary hormones and are normally secreted into the capillaries.

Question 12

How are anterior pituitary hormones secreted?

Answer 12

When the anterior pituaitary is stimulated by either a releasing/inhibiting hormone -

the hormone will bind to a receptor that will release a SPECIFIC anterior pituitary hormone and release it into the BLOODSTREAM

Question 13

This hormone:

• stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits cellular uptake of glucose in the muscle
• stimulates glucose synthesis (gluconeogenisis) in the liver
• promotes the growth of bones and muscle and other tissues by causing release of Somatomedin C (which promotes cell division

Answer 13

Growth hormone

Question 14

Growth hormone secretion is highest during when?

Answer 14

During sleep. You grow the most during your sleep