Immunology 3

Question 1

Blood is composed of:

Answer 1

plasma and cells

Question 2

These act in sequence to clear pathogens from blood and tissues.

Answer 2

Complement - 9 Major Proteins/protein complexes

Question 3

This complement pathway is when an antibody bound to pathogen binds complement

• adaptive and immune cells work together in this pathway

Answer 3

Classical pathway

Question 4

This pathway is when a pathogen binds complement to surface/pathogen component

• does not need adaptive cell and just directly binds to pathogen

Answer 4

Alternative pathway

Question 5

This pathway is when carbohydrate components of microbes bind complement

Answer 5

Lectin pathway

Question 6

This is the coating of a microbe with antibody and/or complement fragment C3b

Answer 6

Opsonisation

Question 7

This is when phagocytes are attracted into site.

• mast cells (which are myeloid cells) are degranulated by C3a and C5a
• inflammatory mediators are released including proteins that attract phagocytes

Answer 7

Recruitment/Recruit

Question 8

This is when microbes coated with C3b are phagocytosed.

• assembly of MAC causes lysis (MAC form is a protein that inserts into target cell membrane and creates pores that can lyse the target cell)

Answer 8

Destroy

Question 9

What are the 3 outcomes when the 3 complementary pathways converge?

Answer 9

(Classical (involved adaptive and immune system), alternative (does not require adaptive cells - direct pathway), lectin - involves carbohydrates)

Recruitment and Destroy and Opsonisation (labeling the pathogen to be destroyed by MAC)

Question 10

What is the enzyme complex responsible for amplification of outcomes of the complement pathways?

Answer 10

C3 convertase