Immunology 1

Question 1

The immune system is composed of:

Answer 1

Organs/cells/molecules

Question 2

This is an organised system of organs, cells and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease.

Answer 2

Immune system

Question 3

An example of these are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and Protozoa. These are everywhere in life and some may also be pathogens (disease causing)

Answer 3

Microbes

Question 4

This deals with the production of white blood cells (leukocytes)

Answer 4

Primary lymphoid organs

Question 5

These are the sites in which immune responses are initiated (the general site)

Answer 5

Secondary lymphoid organs

Question 6

This is a primary lymphoid organ. It is a source of stem cells that develop into cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses

Answer 6

Bone marrow

Question 7

This is a primary lymphoid organ. It is known as the “school” of white blood cells known as T cells. This develops the T cells to learn not to react to self, but also to develop their receptors into ones that detect infection.

Answer 7

Thymus

Question 8

This is a secondary lymphoid organ. It is the site of initiation for immune responses against blood borne pathogens.

Answer 8

Spleen

Question 9

This is a secondary lymphoid organ. It is located along the lymphatic vessels and functions to filter lymph fluid and blood from tissue. It is also a site of immune responses.

Answer 9

Lymph nodes

Ps. When activated lymph nodes expand.

Question 10

What are the immune system’s 3 layers of defence?

Answer 10

Physical + chemical barriers, innate arm and adaptive arm

Question 11

What are examples of physical barriers in the body?

Answer 11

The skin and mucous membranes

Question 12

This is a layer of the skin that contains dead cells, keratin and phagocytic immune cells

Answer 12

Epidermis

Question 13

This is a thick layer of connective tissue (in the skin) , collagen and blood vessels and phagocytic immune cells underneath the epidermis.

Answer 13

Dermis

Question 14

What are the immune cells in the skin?

Answer 14

Dendritic cells

Question 15

These are tightly packed live cells in the mucous membranes - constantly renewed, mucus producing goblet cells

Answer 15

Epithelium

Question 16

These line parts of the body that lead to the outside and are exposed to air

Answer 16

Mucosal membranes

Question 17

This is the mechanism that allows mucus to move up to the pharynx through cilia.

Answer 17

Mucociliary escalator

Question 18

What are the 2 arms of the immune system?

Answer 18

Innate arm and defensive arm

Question 19

The innate defences are composed of what?

Answer 19

Surface barriers and internal defences.

• These are usually fixed to detect molecular components shared by many pathogens.
• has no specific memory

Question 20

The adaptive defences are composed of what?

Answer 20

B cells and T cells

• Adaptive immunity improves during response
• it is slow and highly specific
• has a memory and thus is able to develop an immune response for pathogens it has previously identified