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Neuroanatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Dorsal Primary Rami supply?

A

Vertebral column joints, deep back muscles, and overlying skin

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2
Q

What does the Ventral Primary Rami supply?

A

Anterior and Lateral trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs.

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3
Q

What is the function of the Dorsal Funiculus?

A

Carries ascending sensory information.

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4
Q

What is the function of the Ventral Funiculus?

A

Carries ascending sensory information and descending motor information.

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5
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Funiculus?

A

Carries ascending sensory information and descending motor information.

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6
Q

What is the function of the Spinal Cord?

A
  1. Conveys sensory and motor information to the extremities, trunk, and viscera.
  2. Site of spinal reflexes, essential to normal function.
  3. Conveys modulatory information from the brain.
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7
Q

What type of cells line the ventricular system?

A

Ependymal cells

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8
Q

Describe the structure of the Lateral Ventricles

A
  • Associated with the telencephalon
  • C shaped
  • Separated by the Septum Pellucidum
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9
Q

Describe the structure of the Third Ventricle

A
  • Associated with the Thalamus and Hypothalamus

- Connects the two sides of the thalamus

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10
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct and what is its function?

A
  • Associated with the midbrain

- Exit from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th ventricle

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11
Q

Describe the structure of the 4th Ventricle

A
  • Associated with the pons and medulla
  • continues into the central canal of the spinal cord
  • opens into the subarachnoid space through the Foramina of Luschka (lateral) and Foramina of Magendie (medial)
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12
Q

What is CSF produced by, what is it made out of?

A

-Choroid Plexus of each ventricle

Made of: the endothelial walls of capillaries, pia mater, and choroid epithelial cell.

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13
Q

What is the composition of CSF?

A
  • clear, colorless liquid
  • low in cells and protein
  • similar to plasma in ion concentration
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14
Q

Describe the absorption process of CSF.

A
  • Into the venous system at the superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid granulations.
  • Arachnoid granulations are made of arachnoid villi that protrude through openings in the dura mater.
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15
Q

What is the function of the CSF?

A
  1. Mechanically supportive due to its buoyant effect
  2. Maintenance of the extracellular environment
  3. Route for the spread of neuroactive hormones through the CNS
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16
Q

What are the structural specializations of the Dura Mater?

A
  1. Dural Foldings (Brain only)
  2. Dural Sac (Spinal Cord only)
  3. Spaces
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17
Q

What are the 3 different types of Dural Foldings, and describe them.

A
  1. Falx Cerebri- separate to cerebral hemispheres
  2. Tentorium Cerebelli- separate the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum
  3. Falx Cerebelli- separate the cerebellar hemispheres
18
Q

What is the Dural Sac?

A
  • only found in the spinal cord
  • a tubular sheath that surrounds the spinal cord in the vertebral canal.
  • anchored to the foramen magnum in the skull and the coccyx via the filum terminale externum.
19
Q

What are the 2 spaces associated with Dura Mater?

A
  1. Subdural Space- between the dura mater and arachnoid mater
  2. Epidural Space- Between the dura mater and vertebral canal
20
Q

What are the structural specializations in the arachnoid mater?

A
  1. Arachnoid Trabeculae
  2. Arachnoid Villi (Brain only)
  3. Subarachnoid Space
  4. Cisterns
21
Q

What are Arachnoid Trabeculae?

A

CT strands that connect the arachnoid mater to the pia mater

22
Q

What is the function of arachnoid Villi?

A

Transports CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation

23
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Space between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains CSF

24
Q

What are cisterns, and what are the two types?

A
  • dilations within the subarachnoid space
  • Cisterna Magna (dorsal to the medulla)
  • Lumbar (Caudal to the conus medullaris)
25
What are the structural specializations in the Pia Mater?
1. Denticulate Ligaments (Spinal Cord) | 2. Filum Terminale Internum (Spinal Cord)
26
What are the Denticulate Ligaments?
Extensions from the lateral surfaces of the pia mater to the dural sac.
27
What is the Filum Terminale Internum?
- runs within the Cauda Equina | - A tough strand of the Pia Mater anchoring the Medullary cone to the caudal end of the dural sac.
28
What is the function of the Meninges?
Stabilize the shape and position of the CNS during head and body movements.
29
Where in the body can a Meningeal hemorrhage occur?
1. Epidural Space 2. Subdural Space 3. Subarachnoid Space
30
What is the job of the vasculature in the CNS?
- Must efficiently deliver oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients - Removes CO2, Lactic Acid, and other metabolic products
31
What is a watershed zone?
region on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere where the terminal branches of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries terminate.
32
Where is the Superior Sagittal Sinus and where does it terminate?
Location: attached edge of the falx cerebri Terminates: Confluence
33
Where is the Inferior Sagittal Sinus and where does it terminate?
Location: free edge of the falx cerebri Terminates: Straight Sinus
34
Where is the Straight Sinus and where does it terminate?
Location: falx cerebri attaches to the tentorium cerebelli Terminates: Confluence Sinus
35
Where is the Transverse Sinus and where does it terminate?
Location: Courses laterally from the confluence sinus in a shallow groove on the internal surface of the occipital bone Terminates: Sigmoid Sinus
36
Where is the Confluence and where does it terminate?
Location: Junction of superior sagittal, straight, and transverse sinuses. Terminates: Transverse Sinus
37
Where is the Sigmoid Sinus and where does it terminate?
Location: Courses inferiorly from the transverse sinus into a shallow groove on the internal surface of the temporal bone. Traverses the jugular foramen. Terminates: Internal Jugular Vein
38
Where is the Cavernous Sinus and where does it terminate?
Location: Side of the sphenoid bone. Contains the internal carotid artery, CN III, IV, V1, V2, and VI. Terminates: Superior+Inferior Petrosal--> Sigmoid
39
What type of cells make up the Blood Brain barriers?
1. Capillary Endothelial Cells- tight junctions between adjacent cells. 2. Astrocytes- End foot processes closesly associated with the endothelial cells.
40
What is the function of the blood brain barrier?
Provides a highly selective barrier.
41
What are the 3 arteries that run from the medulla to the medullary cone in the spinal cord?
1. Anterior Spinal Artery (1) | 2. Posterior Spinal Artery (2)
42
What are the arteries that run along the spinal nerve roots?
1. Segmental Medullary (Cervical and Lumbosacral Enlargement) 2. Radicular (at every level)

Neuro (31 decks)

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