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Neuro > Neuroanatomy 3 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Dorsal Primary Rami supply?

A

Vertebral column joints, deep back muscles, and overlying skin

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2
Q

What does the Ventral Primary Rami supply?

A

Anterior and Lateral trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs.

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3
Q

What is the function of the Dorsal Funiculus?

A

Carries ascending sensory information.

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4
Q

What is the function of the Ventral Funiculus?

A

Carries ascending sensory information and descending motor information.

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5
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Funiculus?

A

Carries ascending sensory information and descending motor information.

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6
Q

What is the function of the Spinal Cord?

A
  1. Conveys sensory and motor information to the extremities, trunk, and viscera.
  2. Site of spinal reflexes, essential to normal function.
  3. Conveys modulatory information from the brain.
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7
Q

What type of cells line the ventricular system?

A

Ependymal cells

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8
Q

Describe the structure of the Lateral Ventricles

A
  • Associated with the telencephalon
  • C shaped
  • Separated by the Septum Pellucidum
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9
Q

Describe the structure of the Third Ventricle

A
  • Associated with the Thalamus and Hypothalamus

- Connects the two sides of the thalamus

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10
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct and what is its function?

A
  • Associated with the midbrain

- Exit from the 3rd ventricle into the 4th ventricle

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11
Q

Describe the structure of the 4th Ventricle

A
  • Associated with the pons and medulla
  • continues into the central canal of the spinal cord
  • opens into the subarachnoid space through the Foramina of Luschka (lateral) and Foramina of Magendie (medial)
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12
Q

What is CSF produced by, what is it made out of?

A

-Choroid Plexus of each ventricle

Made of: the endothelial walls of capillaries, pia mater, and choroid epithelial cell.

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13
Q

What is the composition of CSF?

A
  • clear, colorless liquid
  • low in cells and protein
  • similar to plasma in ion concentration
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14
Q

Describe the absorption process of CSF.

A
  • Into the venous system at the superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid granulations.
  • Arachnoid granulations are made of arachnoid villi that protrude through openings in the dura mater.
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15
Q

What is the function of the CSF?

A
  1. Mechanically supportive due to its buoyant effect
  2. Maintenance of the extracellular environment
  3. Route for the spread of neuroactive hormones through the CNS
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16
Q

What are the structural specializations of the Dura Mater?

A
  1. Dural Foldings (Brain only)
  2. Dural Sac (Spinal Cord only)
  3. Spaces
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17
Q

What are the 3 different types of Dural Foldings, and describe them.

A
  1. Falx Cerebri- separate to cerebral hemispheres
  2. Tentorium Cerebelli- separate the cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum
  3. Falx Cerebelli- separate the cerebellar hemispheres
18
Q

What is the Dural Sac?

A
  • only found in the spinal cord
  • a tubular sheath that surrounds the spinal cord in the vertebral canal.
  • anchored to the foramen magnum in the skull and the coccyx via the filum terminale externum.
19
Q

What are the 2 spaces associated with Dura Mater?

A
  1. Subdural Space- between the dura mater and arachnoid mater
  2. Epidural Space- Between the dura mater and vertebral canal
20
Q

What are the structural specializations in the arachnoid mater?

A
  1. Arachnoid Trabeculae
  2. Arachnoid Villi (Brain only)
  3. Subarachnoid Space
  4. Cisterns
21
Q

What are Arachnoid Trabeculae?

A

CT strands that connect the arachnoid mater to the pia mater

22
Q

What is the function of arachnoid Villi?

A

Transports CSF from the subarachnoid space into the venous circulation

23
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

Space between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains CSF

24
Q

What are cisterns, and what are the two types?

A
  • dilations within the subarachnoid space
  • Cisterna Magna (dorsal to the medulla)
  • Lumbar (Caudal to the conus medullaris)
25
Q

What are the structural specializations in the Pia Mater?

A
  1. Denticulate Ligaments (Spinal Cord)

2. Filum Terminale Internum (Spinal Cord)

26
Q

What are the Denticulate Ligaments?

A

Extensions from the lateral surfaces of the pia mater to the dural sac.

27
Q

What is the Filum Terminale Internum?

A
  • runs within the Cauda Equina

- A tough strand of the Pia Mater anchoring the Medullary cone to the caudal end of the dural sac.

28
Q

What is the function of the Meninges?

A

Stabilize the shape and position of the CNS during head and body movements.

29
Q

Where in the body can a Meningeal hemorrhage occur?

A
  1. Epidural Space
  2. Subdural Space
  3. Subarachnoid Space
30
Q

What is the job of the vasculature in the CNS?

A
  • Must efficiently deliver oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients
  • Removes CO2, Lactic Acid, and other metabolic products
31
Q

What is a watershed zone?

A

region on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere where the terminal branches of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries terminate.

32
Q

Where is the Superior Sagittal Sinus and where does it terminate?

A

Location: attached edge of the falx cerebri
Terminates: Confluence

33
Q

Where is the Inferior Sagittal Sinus and where does it terminate?

A

Location: free edge of the falx cerebri
Terminates: Straight Sinus

34
Q

Where is the Straight Sinus and where does it terminate?

A

Location: falx cerebri attaches to the tentorium cerebelli
Terminates: Confluence Sinus

35
Q

Where is the Transverse Sinus and where does it terminate?

A

Location: Courses laterally from the confluence sinus in a shallow groove on the internal surface of the occipital bone
Terminates: Sigmoid Sinus

36
Q

Where is the Confluence and where does it terminate?

A

Location: Junction of superior sagittal, straight, and transverse sinuses.
Terminates: Transverse Sinus

37
Q

Where is the Sigmoid Sinus and where does it terminate?

A

Location: Courses inferiorly from the transverse sinus into a shallow groove on the internal surface of the temporal bone. Traverses the jugular foramen.
Terminates: Internal Jugular Vein

38
Q

Where is the Cavernous Sinus and where does it terminate?

A

Location: Side of the sphenoid bone. Contains the internal carotid artery, CN III, IV, V1, V2, and VI.
Terminates: Superior+Inferior Petrosal–> Sigmoid

39
Q

What type of cells make up the Blood Brain barriers?

A
  1. Capillary Endothelial Cells- tight junctions between adjacent cells.
  2. Astrocytes- End foot processes closesly associated with the endothelial cells.
40
Q

What is the function of the blood brain barrier?

A

Provides a highly selective barrier.

41
Q

What are the 3 arteries that run from the medulla to the medullary cone in the spinal cord?

A
  1. Anterior Spinal Artery (1)

2. Posterior Spinal Artery (2)

42
Q

What are the arteries that run along the spinal nerve roots?

A
  1. Segmental Medullary (Cervical and Lumbosacral Enlargement)
  2. Radicular (at every level)

Neuro (31 decks)

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