CNS Review Flashcards
Middle Cerebral Artery (Function and Dysfunction)
Function: lateral cerebral cortex, internal capsule, basal ganglia
Dysfunction: CL homonymous hemianopia, CL hemisensory loss and hemiparesis, hemineglect OR aphasia
Anterior Cerebral Artery (Function and Dysfunction)
Function: medial frontal and parietal cerebral cortex, internal capsule, basal ganglia, hypothalamus
Dysfunction: behavioral abnormalities, CL LL sensory loss and paresis
Posterior Cerebral Artery (Function and Dysfunction)
Function: Occipital and Inferior temporal cerebral cortex, thalamus, midbrain
Dysfunction: CL homonymous hemianopia, CL hemisensory loss and hemiparesis, possible aphasia
General Organization of CN Nuclei
- Sensory are lateral, motor are medial
2. Rostral-caudal organization reflects R-C distribution of head and neck structures
When a hemiparesis lesion affects the tongue and face on the same side, where (generally) is the lesion?
Above CN XII (tongue) and VII (face)
Where is the lesion if a cranial nerve is affected on the opposite side to a hemiparesis? (example: tongue deviates to left, but hemiparesis on the right)
at the level of the nucleus of that nerve
Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscal and Trigeminothalamic Tracts (Function and Dysfuction)
Ascending Tract
Function: discriminative touch and conscious proprioception
Dysfunction: loss of discriminative touch and conscious proprioception bilateral or ipsilaterally at the level of AND caudal to the lesion
Anterolateral and Spinal Trigeminal Tracts (Function, Dysfunction)
Ascending Tract
Function: pain and temperature
Dysfunction: bilateral or contralateral loss of pain and temp (caudal to the lesion) OR bilateral loss of pain and temp at the level of the lesion
Spinocerebellar Tracts (Function, Dysfunction)
Ascending Tract
Function: unconscious proprioception
Dysfunction: Dysmetria, Hypotonia
Visceral Sensory (Function, Dysfunction)
Ascending Tract
Function: pain and pysiologic processes
Dysfunction: no clinical disorders
What are the 3 Medial Descending Pathways of the Brainstem, and what is the resulting dysfunction? are they bilateral pathways or do they cross?
Vestibulospinal, tectospinal, reticulospinal
Dysfunction: decreased muscle tone, postural control, attention, and automatic movements
Bilateral Pathways
Vestibulospinal Pathway (function)
- influences muscle tone
2. produces reflexive postural adjustments of the body and head
Tectospinal Pathway (function
coordinates eye and head movements to stimuli in space
Reticulospinal pathway (function)
postural adjustments and automatic movements
What is the Lateral Descending Pathway of the brainstem? Is it crossed or bilateral?
Rubrospinal tract: crossed
What are the 3 Descending Cortical Pathways? Are they Crossed or Bilateral?
They’re Crossed:
- Corticospinal
- Corticobulbar
- Visceral Motor
Corticospinal- Ventral and Lateral Pathways (Function and Dysfunction)
Function:
1. Ventral - control axial musculature
2. Lateral- control hand and finger movements
Dysfunction:
1. loss of fractionation (lateral corticospinal)
2. paresis in body (axial in ventral lesion, extremities in lateral)
Corticobulbar Pathway(Function and Dysfunction)
Function: controls muscles of the face
Dysfunction: loss of fractionation and paresis in face
Visceral Motor Pathway
Function: control of visceral functions; adaptive responses to stimuli
Dysfunction: Autonomic Deficits
Language is predominantly produced by which cerebral hemisphere?
Left (affective aspects from the right)
What does Upper Motor Neuron lesion produce?
- weakness
- hypertonicity
- hyperreflexia
- positive Babinski’s sign
What does Lower Motor Neuron lesion produce?
- weakness
- atrophy
- hypotonicity
- hyporeflexia
What is the Telencephalon composed of?
Cerebrum: cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdaloid
What is the Diencephalon composed of? what are the right and left halves separated by?
dorsal and ventral thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
separated by 3rd ventricle
