Brain regions and Functions (excluding cortical areas)

Question 1

Association Fibers (not in CNS review lecture)

Answer 1

interconnect various areas of cortex within the same hemisphere

Question 2

Commissural Fibers (not in CNS review lecture)

Answer 2

interconnect corresponding structures on either side of the neuraxis

Question 3

Internal Capsule

Answer 3

transmit info to and from the cortex
(info from outside telencephalon to cerebral cortex and from cortex to outside telencephalon)
Dysfunction: same as anterior and middle cerebral artery lesion

Question 4

Basal Ganglia

Answer 4

1. proper initiation of movement
2. contribute to emotional states
3. contribute to certain types of learning (learning new skills)
   Dysfunction: tremors & involuntary movements, changes in posture and muscle tone, slowness of movement without paralysis, cognitive and emotional deficits

Question 5

Hippocampus

Answer 5

Memory formation

Dysfunction: Disorders of Memory

Question 6

Amygdaloid

Answer 6

important in emotional states and drive-related behavior

Dysfunction: alterations of emotional states

Question 7

Dorsal Thalamus (thalamus) (part of diencephalon)

Answer 7

process most of the information that reaches cerebral cortex

Dysfunction: see posterior cerebral artery lesion

Question 8

Hypothalamus (part of diencephalon)

Answer 8

1. integrates autonomic response and endocrine function with behavior
2. control homeostasis
3. control reproduction
4. emergency response to stress
   Dysfunction: dependent of lesion region; autonomic, endocrine, and/or memory deficits

Question 9

Ventral Thalamus (subthalamus, subthalmic nuclei) (not in CNS review lecture)

Answer 9

related to the basal ganglia (nuclei) of the telencephalon

Question 10

Epithalamus (not in CNS review lecture)

Answer 10

1. Related to the limbic system

2. Role in circadian rhythym