Neuro: Therapeutic Uses

Question 1

epinephrine

Answer 1

(Adrenalin) stimulated alpha 1+2 and beta 1+2, chatecholamine (does not cross BBB)
- elevates BP, anaphylactic (epipen), bronchodilation, overcome heart block

Adverse effects: dysrythmias, hypertension, necrosis, high sugars, psych meds interactions

Question 2

albuterol

Answer 2

(Proventil, Ventolin) noncatecholamines, more able to cross BBB, longer half life

Question 3

bethanechol

Answer 3

(Urecholine) make wetness FLUID EVERYWHERE
- used for urinary retention in postpartum or postop (not for blockages)

Adverse: hypotension (low) brady cardia, excessive salivation, increased gastric acid (bad for ava) abdominal cramps (not absorbing as much water), more bronchoconstriction, dysrhythmias

Question 4

-stigmine

Answer 4

(Prostigmin) used to treat muscles issues (myasthenia gravis) will get things moving
- will get liquid everywhere
Adverse: SLUD

Question 5

atropine

Answer 5

(AtroPen) dries everything up
natural found in nature, bright red berries (deadly nightshade)
- mimics fight or flight response, increases HR, dilates pupil, relaxes bronchi
Adverse: BUDCAT, bad for asthma or covid (want stuff in fluid to stay wet so that it doesnt become a blockage)

Question 6

benzotropine

Answer 6

(Cogentin) a parkinsons med (EXAM)
helps dry up the synapse gap and allows the transfers of action potential
Adverse: BUDCAT

Question 7

tolterodine tartrate

Answer 7

(Detrol) for an overactive bladder, selective for the bladder!
- “generic” would be benadryl if you don’t want to pay and don’t have other options

Question 8

diazepam

Answer 8

(Valium) benzo
calms everything down, can cause amnesia, can cause excitability (1/20)
can be a rescue med for seizures

Question 9

alprazolam
tremazepam
triazolam

Answer 9

(Xanax)
(Restoril)
(Halcion)
more examples of benzos, treat anxiety

Question 10

zolpidem

Answer 10

(ambien) benzo - similar
short term only 2-4.5 hours, gets people to sleep may wake people up
effects: daytime drowsiness, NO ETOH

Question 11

ketamine hydrochloride

Answer 11

(ketalar) works quick and you need a lot of it

Question 12

midazolam

Answer 12

(versed) minor surgery or intubation, patient can still respond to commands

Question 13

propofol

Answer 13

(Diprivan) minor surgery or intubations, so that patient can respond to commands

Question 14

procaine hydrochloride

Answer 14

(Novocain) local anesthetic

Question 15

lidocane hydrochloride

Answer 15

(Xylocaine) local anestetic
comes in patches, can go fishing for IVs

Question 16

phenytoin

Answer 16

(Dilantin) treats sezuries (10-20)
DOES not play nice #4, never stop abruptly

not for use in pregnancy’s, and decreases effect of oral contraception’s
adverse above 20: ataxia (stumbling gait) sedation, double vision, gingival hyperplasia (grown gum)
adverse below 10: seziures
adverse normal IV: iv necrosis (purple glove syndrome), constipation, trouble sleeping, headache, high BS

Question 17

pentothal

Answer 17

induction of anestesia

Question 18

phenobarbital

Answer 18

(Luminal) barbituate
NURSING: shake for 5 minutes
Lab value: 20-40
treatment of seizures

Question 19

clonazepam

Answer 19

(Klonopin) treats absent seizures (petit mal)
- tolerance occurs after 6 months

Question 20

carbamazepine

Answer 20

(Tegretol) seizure control
- grapefruit effect
Adverse: headaches, gait change and unsteadiness

LAB: CBC monitoring

Steven Johnson syndrome, ask all people if they are of Asian descent for genetic testing (deadly skin rash)

Question 21

valproate

Answer 21

(Depakote) seizure control, slow release for younger kids (not for below 2)
1/500 have LIVER issues: right side tenderness, appetite off, doesn’t want to do anything

Question 22

gabapentin

Answer 22

(Neurontin)
80% scripts for off-label use (migraines, fibromyalgia, hot flashes)
Can be used for seizures, works on nerves, after shingles outbreaks
Very well tolerated , often combined with other AEDs

Question 23

levetiracetam

Answer 23

(Keppra)
PREVENT and TREAT seizures
Unknown how it works
Works well most other medication
Adverse: fatigue, weakness
Should consider if should be driving
KEPPRA Rage is real! Large reports of
personality changes
Does NOT impair cognitive functions
MAJOR RED FLAGS:
Steven Johnson syndrome
Suicidal thoughts (mood changes, new anxiety, new agitation)