Neuro Lecture Flashcards
Alpha 1 receptors stimulated
- Vasoconstriction of blood vessels (stop bleeding)
- mydriasis: pin point eyes (KNOW!)
vs miosis (smaller word, smaller pupil) - ejaculation + contraction of bladder and prostate
- zosin meds (dilate, opposite)
Alpha 2 receptors
not extremely covered, important to the CNS and hypertension.
Beta 1 receptors stimulated
heart - increases
force of contraction, heart rate
kidneys - renin release (raises BP)
Beta 2 receptors stimulated
lungs - everything dilates out
dopamine - dilates renal blood vessels
can delay preterm labor
Cholinergic agonist
peripheral nervous system GO med
- produces the “rest and digest”
- wets everything up
- stigmine
Anticholingerics
BENADRYL + atrophine
- dries everything up
- old people should not take causes urinary retention, glaucoma
Adrenergic
peripheral nervous system
when they are stimulated
- Alpha 1 + 2
- Beta 1 + 2
mydrasis vs miosis
the size of pupils, longer word larger pupils
adverse effects of stimulated A 1+2
hypertension, necrosis (constricted blood vessels) bradycardia
adverse effects of stimulated B 1+2
random cardiac rhythms (at least you have it working again)
- high sugars and tremors
extravasation
when the IV breaks through the vein and leaks into the tissue, with Epi this can cause tissue constriction and necrosis (EXAM)
Epipens, preparation before admin, what do you check
should not be expired and have a clear liquid
(year or two after expiration if clear could still be good)
myasthenia gravis
upper body is attacked and there is muscle weakness (know for boards)
- grandmothers who cannot lift up babies
cholinergic crisis SLUD
Salivation, Lacrimation (tears), Urination, Defecation
BUDCAT
Blurred vision, urinary retention, Dry mouth, Constipation, Anhidrosis (no sweat), Tachy
Lidocaine and Epi together
prolongs local anesthesia (constrict the blood vessels and numb the site)
Sedative-hypnotics
avoid taking multiple including ETOH
side effects: residual drowsiness (hungover), dependence, tolerance, depression, respiratory depression, withdrawal symptoms
Benzodiazepines
theraputic uses: calm everything down, panic disorders, insomnia, anxiety, lower potential for abuse, seizures
adverse: cns depression, amnesia (cannot recall taking it), excitability (1/20)
ask why they are taking it!
not for use in pregnancy
anesthetics
Monitor level of consciousness
Monitor vitals (respirations!!, hr and BP)
TEMPATURE - malignant hypertermia (body freaks out, someone could get brain damage, genetic, 2-4 hours after administration) ICE ICE ICE
Monitor Urine output (flush body out with fluids)
phenytoin (Dilantin) theraputic range
10-20 mcg/mL
purple glove syndrome
complication of IV push dilantin
phentolamine antidote!! nitro patch to dilate, elevate
barituates
cause depression of the CNS can treat seizures
theraputic: induction of anestesia, induce sleep, daytime sedation, fatal with overdose
- tolerance and dependence, high abuse potential
Adverse: respiratory depression, suicide, abuse, hangovers, increased sensitivity to pain (hyperalagesia)
phenobarbital lab values
20-40
no grapefruit jucie
-olol, -statin, calcium channel (VAD), carbamazepine
seizures and pregnancy
increase by 25%, many drugs increase fetal malformations
