Cardiac: Therapeutic Uses Flashcards
furoemide
(lasix) loop diuretic, acts on loop of henley to block reabsorption
rapid onset (1 hr)
used for: acute pulmonary edema (lungs), severe hypertension, heart failure
hydrochlorothiazide
(hydroDIURIL) distal convoluted tubule, peaks 4-6 hours, may take 3 weeks
used for: long term primary hypertension + edema
H - Haul: long haul med
mannitol
used to: prevent kidney failure, lower ICP (intercrainial pressure), decrease spinal cord pressure and interopthmalic pressure
—Flushes out toxic substances
Give carefully to patients with heart/renal failure, too much water out of cells can overload the heart
spironolactone
(aldactone) blocks aldorsterone in distal nephron, retains potassium
used: hypertension, edematous states, severe heart failure, hirsutism (excessive hair)
lacs ability to steal K
prazosin HCL
blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors, resulting in vasodilation and decreased BP
kayexalate
treatment for hyperkalemia from over correction
comes in an enema
-pril
(capoten) ACE prevents conversion of angiotensin 1 - angiotensin 2 (found in lungs)
uses: prevent stroke, and myocardial infraction (prevents remodeling of heart), improves cardiac output (50-80%), suppresses growth and thickening of the ventricular wall
-sartan
(cozarr) ARB
- Increases renal excretion of sodium and water, causes vasodilatation, reduces excretion of potassium
Used for: hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, MI, stroke prevention, migraine headache
verapamil
blocks calcium channel blockers
treats: HTN, reduces HR, angina (dilation of arteries) + cardiac dysrythmias
diltiazen
(cardizem) calcium channel blacker dilates arteries
used for: HTN, angina, rhythm problems
works in 30 min
amlodipine
(norvasc) calcium channel blocker
treats: raynauds phenomenon (basopasm in fingers and toes - annie/grace), hypertension, small kidney stones
a - annie
propanolol
(inderal) nonselective beta blocker
B1 heart
B2 lungs, skeletal
(problem for all - non selective BB)
metoprolol
(lopressor) selective for B1, beta blocker
labetalol
(trandate) third gen beta blocker AND alpha blocker, often used in pregnancy for high BP
digoxin
(lanoxin) increase force of contraction, increase stroke volume and cardiac output
sacubitril/valsartan
(entresto) only drug in class reduces cardiac death by 25% in heart failure, lets the heart pump better
ARB
spartan - gives a fighting chance
nitroglycerin
vasodilator, drug of choice for angina attacks
- decreases O2 demands of heart by decreasing amount of blood returning (preload)
gemfibrozil
(lopid) decreases TG, lowers LDL, raises HDL
gems - low (in ground) - lopid (lower) the loser
-statin
Reduces LDL (bad - L is a loser) Increases HDL (good)
Promotes plaque stability, slows progression of CAD, reduces clotting, hard on the liver
aspirin
inhibits platelet formation
NSAID (remember ear issues)
used: prevention of MI or thrombotic stroke
heparin
rapid - short acting anticoagulant
Sourced: Cattle + Pig (check for allergies)
uses: pulmonary embolism, stroke, massive DVTs
enoxaparin
(lovenox) deep sub Q injection, fixed dosage no monitoring required
used: dvt prevention, cardiac problems
warfarin
anticoagulant PO
used for long term treatment in pts with prosthetic valves, a fib or recurrent PE
dabigatran extexilate
(pradaxa) 3x cost of warfarin, same dose regardless of age/weight (does not work as well as xarelto + eliquis)
used to treat a fib over warfarin
(extra expensive for no reason - less effective)
rivaroxaban
(xarelto) blood thinner, expensive, once a day, no diet issues, anti coagulation
river of blood
apixaban
(eliquis) $500 month, twice a day no diet interactions anti-coagulant
-olol
Beta blockers
- treats A-Fib, HTN, ventricular dysrhythmias
By decreasing: HR, cardiac output, BP, cardiac excitability vital signs
clopidogrel
(plavix) antiplatelet works better with some aspirin on board, used to prevent stents from clotting
Do not take with PPIs
platelet stickiness is irreversible and will last for life of the platelet
clock and drop (clotting) platelet function
calcium channel blockers
VAD
V - verapril
A - alodipine
D - diltazem
very “pine” zen (of muscles)
