Cardiac: Therapeutic Uses

Question 1

furoemide

Answer 1

(lasix) loop diuretic, acts on loop of henley to block reabsorption
rapid onset (1 hr)
used for: acute pulmonary edema (lungs), severe hypertension, heart failure

Question 2

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 2

(hydroDIURIL) distal convoluted tubule, peaks 4-6 hours, may take 3 weeks
used for: long term primary hypertension + edema

H - Haul: long haul med

Question 3

mannitol

Answer 3

used to: prevent kidney failure, lower ICP (intercrainial pressure), decrease spinal cord pressure and interopthmalic pressure
—Flushes out toxic substances
Give carefully to patients with heart/renal failure, too much water out of cells can overload the heart

Question 4

spironolactone

Answer 4

(aldactone) blocks aldorsterone in distal nephron, retains potassium
used: hypertension, edematous states, severe heart failure, hirsutism (excessive hair)

lacs ability to steal K

Question 5

prazosin HCL

Answer 5

blocks alpha-adrenergic receptors, resulting in vasodilation and decreased BP

Question 6

kayexalate

Answer 6

treatment for hyperkalemia from over correction
comes in an enema

Question 7

-pril

Answer 7

(capoten) ACE prevents conversion of angiotensin 1 - angiotensin 2 (found in lungs)
uses: prevent stroke, and myocardial infraction (prevents remodeling of heart), improves cardiac output (50-80%), suppresses growth and thickening of the ventricular wall

Question 8

-sartan

Answer 8

(cozarr) ARB
- Increases renal excretion of sodium and water, causes vasodilatation, reduces excretion of potassium
Used for: hypertension, HF, diabetic nephropathy, MI, stroke prevention, migraine headache

Question 9

verapamil

Answer 9

blocks calcium channel blockers
treats: HTN, reduces HR, angina (dilation of arteries) + cardiac dysrythmias

Question 10

diltiazen

Answer 10

(cardizem) calcium channel blacker dilates arteries
used for: HTN, angina, rhythm problems
works in 30 min

Question 11

amlodipine

Answer 11

(norvasc) calcium channel blocker
treats: raynauds phenomenon (basopasm in fingers and toes - annie/grace), hypertension, small kidney stones

a - annie

Question 12

propanolol

Answer 12

(inderal) nonselective beta blocker
B1 heart
B2 lungs, skeletal

(problem for all - non selective BB)

Question 13

metoprolol

Answer 13

(lopressor) selective for B1, beta blocker

Question 14

labetalol

Answer 14

(trandate) third gen beta blocker AND alpha blocker, often used in pregnancy for high BP

Question 15

digoxin

Answer 15

(lanoxin) increase force of contraction, increase stroke volume and cardiac output

Question 16

sacubitril/valsartan

Answer 16

(entresto) only drug in class reduces cardiac death by 25% in heart failure, lets the heart pump better
ARB

spartan - gives a fighting chance

Question 17

nitroglycerin

Answer 17

vasodilator, drug of choice for angina attacks
- decreases O2 demands of heart by decreasing amount of blood returning (preload)

Question 18

gemfibrozil

Answer 18

(lopid) decreases TG, lowers LDL, raises HDL

gems - low (in ground) - lopid (lower) the loser

Question 19

-statin

Answer 19

Reduces LDL (bad - L is a loser) Increases HDL (good)
Promotes plaque stability, slows progression of CAD, reduces clotting, hard on the liver

Question 20

aspirin

Answer 20

inhibits platelet formation
NSAID (remember ear issues)
used: prevention of MI or thrombotic stroke

Question 21

heparin

Answer 21

rapid - short acting anticoagulant
Sourced: Cattle + Pig (check for allergies)
uses: pulmonary embolism, stroke, massive DVTs

Question 22

enoxaparin

Answer 22

(lovenox) deep sub Q injection, fixed dosage no monitoring required
used: dvt prevention, cardiac problems

Question 23

warfarin

Answer 23

anticoagulant PO
used for long term treatment in pts with prosthetic valves, a fib or recurrent PE

Question 24

dabigatran extexilate

Answer 24

(pradaxa) 3x cost of warfarin, same dose regardless of age/weight (does not work as well as xarelto + eliquis)
used to treat a fib over warfarin

(extra expensive for no reason - less effective)

Question 25

rivaroxaban

Answer 25

(xarelto) blood thinner, expensive, once a day, no diet issues, anti coagulation

river of blood

Question 26

apixaban

Answer 26

(eliquis) $500 month, twice a day no diet interactions anti-coagulant

Question 27

-olol

Answer 27

Beta blockers
- treats A-Fib, HTN, ventricular dysrhythmias
By decreasing: HR, cardiac output, BP, cardiac excitability vital signs

Question 28

clopidogrel

Answer 28

(plavix) antiplatelet works better with some aspirin on board, used to prevent stents from clotting
Do not take with PPIs
platelet stickiness is irreversible and will last for life of the platelet

clock and drop (clotting) platelet function

Question 29

calcium channel blockers

Answer 29

VAD
V - verapril
A - alodipine
D - diltazem
very “pine” zen (of muscles)