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Pharmacology 1 > Cardiac Lecture > Flashcards

Cardiac Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics

A

make you pee, and get rid of a lot of the extra fluid, pee of water, decrease blood pressure

  • water follows salt
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2
Q

Prepare mannitol vial

A

Mannitol is an IV only medication
- Need to warm the vial (swirl between palms) to dissolve crystals, do not inject crystals

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3
Q

Regular potassium levels

A

3.5 - 5.0
- Hypo below 3.5
- Hyper above 5.0
Cardiac arrest occurs around 8-9

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4
Q

When giving potassium chloride (pills)

A

Give with a full glass of water, make sure to give it slowly

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5
Q

What does potassium do in terms of the heart?

A

disrupts the electrical activity
helps maintain normal fluid in cells (KIS)

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6
Q

What does magnesium do in terms of the heart?

A

lower mag leads to dysrhythmias
mag deals with contractibility

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7
Q

Magnesium Ranges

A

1.3 - 2.1 mg/dl

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8
Q

What can beta blockers “block”

A

signs of hypoglycemia, pt wont be tachy or tremor as much
beta 1 - heart (one heart)
beta 2 receptors - lungs, skeletal, liver

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9
Q

Heart Block

A

electrical impulses are off and don’t go towards the bottom of your heart
1st
2nd
3rd - most deadly

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10
Q

ACE vs ARB

A

They are cousins patients should only be on one! (-pril + -sartan)

ace, -pril: lowers production of substance that narrows vessels
arb, -sartan: reduces the action of the substance

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11
Q

ACE vs ARB for diabetics

A

Diabetics should use ACES, will help with the kidney

aCe=tiCs

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12
Q

Angiodemia due to ACE

A

Starts as jaw pain (anticipate), treat pt with EPI and never use drug again

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13
Q

Calcium and relation to the heart

A

muscle contraction cannot occur and the vessel will dilate

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14
Q

being on Dig and it’s effects on potassium (K+)

A

increases the chance of toxicicity, use the same receptor

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15
Q

Serum levels for digoxin

A

.5 to 2.0 ng/ml
lower levels used for treating HF, higher levels for treating a fib

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16
Q

Hold dig when?

A
  • heartrate is below 60
  • serum levels .5-2.0 ng/ml
  • having vision issues
17
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

sudden pain beneath the sternum

18
Q

Nitro patches

A

To prevent tolerance patch in put on in AM and removed in PM.
ALWAYS date and sign patches, chart application and removal
Pt must be weaned off this therapy

19
Q

Low density lipoproteins

A

“bad” cholesterol, greatest contributor to coronary heart disease (CHD)
- deli meats, fried foods, processed food, pizza, burger, icecreams

20
Q

High-density lipoproteins

A

“good” cholesterol
-high fiber fruit, fish, beans, whole grains, olive oil

21
Q

Purpose of cholesterol

A

component of all cells, systhesises hormones and bile salts

22
Q

Cholesterol Screening + Values (Total, HDL, LDL, TGs)

A

Every 5 years for adults over the age of 20
Total: 125-200 mg/dl
HDL: >40 mg/dl men + >50 mg/dl for women
–higher is better
LDL: <100 mg/dl
Triglycerides TG: <150 mg/dl

23
Q

Treatment of high cholesterol

A

first line: diet, weight control, exercise and smoking cessation
one lifestyle change at a time and baby steps

24
Q

Anticoagulants

A

prevent formation of clots and inhibit their circulation

25
Q

Antiplatelets

A

prevent platelet formation (prevent and stop bleeding, form clots)

26
Q

Thrombolytics

A

attack and dissolve existing blood clots

27
Q

May not use heparins after what

A

After surgery of eyes, brain, spinal cord and lumbar punctures

28
Q

What is important to monitor after starting heparins

A

aPTT - activated partial thromboplastin time every 6 hours
normal: 20-35 (non treated)

29
Q

INR Values

A

1.3-2.0 pretreatment
2.0-3.0 treated
how fast your blood clots

30
Q

Platelets Life

A

7-10 days
clopidogrel effects platelet formation for its entire life cycle

31
Q

In trauma what happens physiologically with the cells

A

The cells swell and they will burst. Releasing KIS, the potassium levels will rise, can lead to cardiac arrest. Anticipating it for trauma pts

32
Q

When potassium is high

A
  • infuse glucose and insulin to drive the potassium into the cells
  • give them an enema
  • infuse sodium bicarb
  • put on dialysis
33
Q

foods high in potassium

A

prunes, avocado, carrots, potatoes, broccoli, cantaloupe and salt substitutes

Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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