Neuro Part 3 - Large Animal

Question 1

what spinal disease is common in young large breed, fast growing male horses

Answer 1

cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy “wobblers”

Question 2

CVCM “wobblers” in horses clinical signs

Answer 2

symmetric ataxia
dysmetria
paresis in all limbs
normal mentation

Question 3

confirmatory test of wobblers in horses

Answer 3

CT myelography
radiographs only valuable info

Question 4

CVCM “wobblers” treatments

Answer 4

1. dietary caloric restriction only in growing horses
2. cervical vertebral interbody fusion surgery

Question 5

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
cause?
clinical signs?

Answer 5

sarcocystic neurona or neospora hughesi
feed contamination via opossum
asymmetric signs of brain/spinal cord (but can cause symmetrical disease)

Question 6

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
diagnostic?

Answer 6

confirm intrathecal Ab production via serum:csf titer ratio

Question 7

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
treatment?

Answer 7

Ponazuril (marquis)

Question 8

cause of EDM/eNAD and clinical signs

Answer 8

vitamin E deficiency
symmetrical ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, decreased menace, lethargy, behavior change

Question 9

how can you differentiate EDM from eNAD

Answer 9

post-mortem analysis

Question 10

causes of radial n paralysis in equine

Answer 10

humeral fx
trauma
post-anesthesia

Question 11

causes of femoral n paralysis in equine

Answer 11

trauma
post-anesthesia
dystocia

Question 12

diagnostic for EEE/WEE/WNV

Answer 12

IgM ELISA

Question 13

what should be a ddx for a horse that is dog sitting, loss of tail tone and has incontinence

Answer 13

EHV-1

Question 14

EHV diagnostic

Answer 14

PCR

Question 15

characteristics of polioencephalomalacia (PEM)

Answer 15

young bull calf w/ altered mentation
head pressing
star gazing
opisthotonus
cortical blindness (absent menace, functional PLR)
dorsomedial strabismus
laminar necrosis

Question 16

treatment for PEM

Answer 16

thiamine (vit B1) supplements
high grain diet
limit sulfur

Question 17

what form of rabies is more common in cattle

Answer 17

paralytic form

Question 18

bovine spongiform encephalopathy
onset?
cause?
clinical signs?
diagnostics?

Answer 18

older animals, incubates 4-6 yrs
feeding animal proteins from infected animals or spontaneous mutation
“hyper movements” - ptyalism, licking, reluctance to be milked, behavior change, fasiculations
no antemortem test, histopath or western blot

Question 19

scrapie transmission?

Answer 19

classical - horizontal or vertical, not in utero but found in placenta
atypical - spontaneous mutation

Question 20

is scrapies heritable?

Answer 20

NO - but requires genetic suseptibility

Question 21

scrapie clinical signs

Answer 21

2-4 yrs old
hypermotility, pruritis, licking, teeth grinding, cannibalism, behavior change

Question 22

diagnostics for scrapies

Answer 22

3rd eyelid or rectal mucosal biopsy
histopath of brain
genetic testing

Question 23

calf born at birth with tetraparesis, cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrancephaly, hydrocephalus, hypomyelinogenesis

Answer 23

BVDV
possible days 90-170 days

Question 24

BVDV diagnostics

Answer 24

virus neutralization Ab in precolotral blood
not PI

Question 25

spinal cord diseases in livestock ddx

Answer 25

trauma (fracture)
abscess
lymphosarcoma
abnormal bone mineralization

Question 26

tick paralysis is more common in what livestock species

Answer 26

small ruminants
camelids

Question 27

1-day old calf delivered posteriorly is at risk of what

Answer 27

femoral n damage

Question 28

if you see a hopping goat or a cow in “splay leg” what can this be indicative of

Answer 28

obturator n damage

Question 29

calving paralysis is due to damage of what two nerves

Answer 29

sciatic n
obturator n

Question 30

CSF analysis of Listeria

Answer 30

monocytosis/lymphocytosis

Question 31

CSF analysis of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

Answer 31

neutrophilia
increased protein

Question 32

CSF analysis of Parelaphostrongylys tenuis

Answer 32

eosinophilia

Question 33

cow with head pressing, circling, fever, microabscesses in the brainstem (mainly medulla)

Answer 33

listeria

Question 34

cow with fever, asymmetric signs, respiratory signs, polyarthritis, multifocal hemorrhages/necrosis on brain/spinal cord

Answer 34

histophilus somni = thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

Question 35

sheep/goats/camelids in endemic deer regions are at risk of what

Answer 35

Parelaphostrongylys tenuis

Question 36

treatment for Parelaphostrongylys tenuis

Answer 36

fenbendazole