Neuro Part 3 - Large Animal Flashcards
what spinal disease is common in young large breed, fast growing male horses
cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy “wobblers”
CVCM “wobblers” in horses clinical signs
symmetric ataxia
dysmetria
paresis in all limbs
normal mentation
confirmatory test of wobblers in horses
CT myelography
radiographs only valuable info
CVCM “wobblers” treatments
- dietary caloric restriction only in growing horses
- cervical vertebral interbody fusion surgery
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
cause?
clinical signs?
sarcocystic neurona or neospora hughesi
feed contamination via opossum
asymmetric signs of brain/spinal cord (but can cause symmetrical disease)
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
diagnostic?
confirm intrathecal Ab production via serum:csf titer ratio
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
treatment?
Ponazuril (marquis)
cause of EDM/eNAD and clinical signs
vitamin E deficiency
symmetrical ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, decreased menace, lethargy, behavior change
how can you differentiate EDM from eNAD
post-mortem analysis
causes of radial n paralysis in equine
humeral fx
trauma
post-anesthesia
causes of femoral n paralysis in equine
trauma
post-anesthesia
dystocia
diagnostic for EEE/WEE/WNV
IgM ELISA
what should be a ddx for a horse that is dog sitting, loss of tail tone and has incontinence
EHV-1
EHV diagnostic
PCR
characteristics of polioencephalomalacia (PEM)
young bull calf w/ altered mentation
head pressing
star gazing
opisthotonus
cortical blindness (absent menace, functional PLR)
dorsomedial strabismus
laminar necrosis
treatment for PEM
thiamine (vit B1) supplements
high grain diet
limit sulfur
what form of rabies is more common in cattle
paralytic form
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
onset?
cause?
clinical signs?
diagnostics?
older animals, incubates 4-6 yrs
feeding animal proteins from infected animals or spontaneous mutation
“hyper movements” - ptyalism, licking, reluctance to be milked, behavior change, fasiculations
no antemortem test, histopath or western blot
scrapie transmission?
classical - horizontal or vertical, not in utero but found in placenta
atypical - spontaneous mutation
is scrapies heritable?
NO - but requires genetic suseptibility
scrapie clinical signs
2-4 yrs old
hypermotility, pruritis, licking, teeth grinding, cannibalism, behavior change
diagnostics for scrapies
3rd eyelid or rectal mucosal biopsy
histopath of brain
genetic testing
calf born at birth with tetraparesis, cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrancephaly, hydrocephalus, hypomyelinogenesis
BVDV
possible days 90-170 days
BVDV diagnostics
virus neutralization Ab in precolotral blood
not PI
spinal cord diseases in livestock ddx
trauma (fracture)
abscess
lymphosarcoma
abnormal bone mineralization
tick paralysis is more common in what livestock species
small ruminants
camelids
1-day old calf delivered posteriorly is at risk of what
femoral n damage
if you see a hopping goat or a cow in “splay leg” what can this be indicative of
obturator n damage
calving paralysis is due to damage of what two nerves
sciatic n
obturator n
CSF analysis of Listeria
monocytosis/lymphocytosis
CSF analysis of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
neutrophilia
increased protein
CSF analysis of Parelaphostrongylys tenuis
eosinophilia
cow with head pressing, circling, fever, microabscesses in the brainstem (mainly medulla)
listeria
cow with fever, asymmetric signs, respiratory signs, polyarthritis, multifocal hemorrhages/necrosis on brain/spinal cord
histophilus somni = thromboembolic meningoencephalitis
sheep/goats/camelids in endemic deer regions are at risk of what
Parelaphostrongylys tenuis
treatment for Parelaphostrongylys tenuis
fenbendazole
