Neuro Part 3 - Large Animal Flashcards

1
Q

what spinal disease is common in young large breed, fast growing male horses

A

cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy “wobblers”

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2
Q

CVCM “wobblers” in horses clinical signs

A

symmetric ataxia
dysmetria
paresis in all limbs
normal mentation

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3
Q

confirmatory test of wobblers in horses

A

CT myelography
radiographs only valuable info

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4
Q

CVCM “wobblers” treatments

A
  1. dietary caloric restriction only in growing horses
  2. cervical vertebral interbody fusion surgery
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5
Q

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
cause?
clinical signs?

A

sarcocystic neurona or neospora hughesi
feed contamination via opossum
asymmetric signs of brain/spinal cord (but can cause symmetrical disease)

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6
Q

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
diagnostic?

A

confirm intrathecal Ab production via serum:csf titer ratio

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7
Q

equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
treatment?

A

Ponazuril (marquis)

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8
Q

cause of EDM/eNAD and clinical signs

A

vitamin E deficiency
symmetrical ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, decreased menace, lethargy, behavior change

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9
Q

how can you differentiate EDM from eNAD

A

post-mortem analysis

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10
Q

causes of radial n paralysis in equine

A

humeral fx
trauma
post-anesthesia

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11
Q

causes of femoral n paralysis in equine

A

trauma
post-anesthesia
dystocia

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12
Q

diagnostic for EEE/WEE/WNV

A

IgM ELISA

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13
Q

what should be a ddx for a horse that is dog sitting, loss of tail tone and has incontinence

A

EHV-1

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14
Q

EHV diagnostic

A

PCR

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15
Q

characteristics of polioencephalomalacia (PEM)

A

young bull calf w/ altered mentation
head pressing
star gazing
opisthotonus
cortical blindness (absent menace, functional PLR)
dorsomedial strabismus
laminar necrosis

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16
Q

treatment for PEM

A

thiamine (vit B1) supplements
high grain diet
limit sulfur

17
Q

what form of rabies is more common in cattle

A

paralytic form

18
Q

bovine spongiform encephalopathy
onset?
cause?
clinical signs?
diagnostics?

A

older animals, incubates 4-6 yrs
feeding animal proteins from infected animals or spontaneous mutation
“hyper movements” - ptyalism, licking, reluctance to be milked, behavior change, fasiculations
no antemortem test, histopath or western blot

19
Q

scrapie transmission?

A

classical - horizontal or vertical, not in utero but found in placenta
atypical - spontaneous mutation

20
Q

is scrapies heritable?

A

NO - but requires genetic suseptibility

21
Q

scrapie clinical signs

A

2-4 yrs old
hypermotility, pruritis, licking, teeth grinding, cannibalism, behavior change

22
Q

diagnostics for scrapies

A

3rd eyelid or rectal mucosal biopsy
histopath of brain
genetic testing

23
Q

calf born at birth with tetraparesis, cerebellar hypoplasia, hydrancephaly, hydrocephalus, hypomyelinogenesis

A

BVDV
possible days 90-170 days

24
Q

BVDV diagnostics

A

virus neutralization Ab in precolotral blood
not PI

25
Q

spinal cord diseases in livestock ddx

A

trauma (fracture)
abscess
lymphosarcoma
abnormal bone mineralization

26
Q

tick paralysis is more common in what livestock species

A

small ruminants
camelids

27
Q

1-day old calf delivered posteriorly is at risk of what

A

femoral n damage

28
Q

if you see a hopping goat or a cow in “splay leg” what can this be indicative of

A

obturator n damage

29
Q

calving paralysis is due to damage of what two nerves

A

sciatic n
obturator n

30
Q

CSF analysis of Listeria

A

monocytosis/lymphocytosis

31
Q

CSF analysis of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

A

neutrophilia
increased protein

32
Q

CSF analysis of Parelaphostrongylys tenuis

A

eosinophilia

33
Q

cow with head pressing, circling, fever, microabscesses in the brainstem (mainly medulla)

A

listeria

34
Q

cow with fever, asymmetric signs, respiratory signs, polyarthritis, multifocal hemorrhages/necrosis on brain/spinal cord

A

histophilus somni = thromboembolic meningoencephalitis

35
Q

sheep/goats/camelids in endemic deer regions are at risk of what

A

Parelaphostrongylys tenuis

36
Q

treatment for Parelaphostrongylys tenuis

A

fenbendazole