Equine Urinary Flashcards
what are the major 6 equine nephrotoxins that cause acute tubular necrosis
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
NSAIDs
biphosphonates
hemoglobin
myoglobin
treatment for AKI in horses
restore plasma volume and maintain euvolemia
prevention!
Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
causes?
predisposes to?
first clinical sign?
all the causes of acute tubular necrosis
nephroliths
loss of concentrating ability
donkeys often get what kidney disease
uremic syndrome
risk factors for development of idiopathic cystitis (hemorrhagic cystitis)
stress/exercise
good chance of resolution
risk factors for development of sabulous cystitis
poor bladder emptying (e.g. neurogenic bladder)
high chance of recurrence
risk factors for development of bacterial cystitis
RARE
damage from pre-existing stones, indwelling ucath, bladder paresis/paralysis, underlying neoplasia
develops abx resistance
risk factors for the development of cystic calculi
high calcium diet or previous infection
(almost always calcium carbonate)
most common location in the nephron with worst state of hypoxia
thick ascending limb
do you use BUN in horses
NO - unpredictable
normal creatinine value in horses
0.4 - 1.8
(adult, more muscular horses may be closer to high end)
horse pre-renal azotemia
> 1.020
horse renal azotemia
isosthenuric 1.008-1.012
horse post-renal azotemia
azotemia with failure to urinate
what electrolyte abnormalities will be abnormal
hyponatremia
hypochloremia
hyperkalemia
