Bovine Repro Flashcards
cow gestation
9 months (280 days)
when are beef cattle preg checked
3-4 months
when are dairy cattle preg checked
39 days
how long is a dairy cattles lactation
305 days
how long is a airy cattles calving interval
12 months
how long is a dairy cattles dry period
60 days
how long is a dairy cattles DIM
100 days
bovine maternal recognition of pregnancy
IFN-t
day 16
bovine time in estrus
12-18 hrs
how long does it take from estrus to fertilization
36 hours
how long does it take for sperm transport and capacitation
24 hours
when does placenta take over progesterone supplementation in cattle
150 days
4 definitive signs for diagnosing pregnancy in cattle
membrane slip
placentation
amniotic vesicle
fetus
freemartinism
infertile
incomplete female repro tract
segmental aplasia (white heifer disease)
incomplete/missing repro tract
cycle normally
impacts fertility
uterus unicornus
cycle normally
can conceive but maybe delayed conception
pregnancy/delivery complications
double cervix
complicated breeding
lower conception rates
common cause of infertility in cattle
cystic ovaries
most common ovarian tumor in cattle and horses
granulosa cell tumor
how does uterine involution affect subsequent fertility
when does size reduction occur? epithelializton?
involution is linked to subsequent fertility bc proper involution prepares uterus for next pregnancy
size reduction 30 days
epithelialization 45 days
factors causing retained fetal membranes
dystocia
milk fever
vitamin E/Se def
immune dysfunction
treatment for retained placenta
manual removal
oxytocin
prostaglandins
intrauterine infusion
occurs < 10 days after calving, usually 2-4 days
large fluid filled uterus
thin dark foul discharge
systemic signs
metritis
occurs > 26 days after calving
normal uterus, cervix enlarged
thick white discharge
no systemic signs
endometritis
treatment of pyometra
prostaglandins
evacuating uterus
abx for metritis
penicillin G
ceftiofur
ampicillin
what do you call a pregnancy lost within the first 40 days
early embryonic death (EED)
what do you call a pregnancy lost between 40-260 days of gestation
fetal abortion
what do you call calves less than 24 hours old showing various signs of weakness
weak neonates
most comm cause of stillborn calves
asphyxia
what is considered a premature birth
260 days to term
what is considered a stillbirth
born dead at normal gestational age
causes of EED
genetic
environmental - nutrition, toxin, hormones, palpation
main cause of abortion
infectious
what are the two venereal transmission diseases
tritrichomonas fetus
campylobacter
diagnostics for tritrichomonas
preputial scraping - trich PCR
C. fetus
ingestion = sporadic abortion in cattle, enzootic in sheep
zoonotic
C. venerealis
infertility
epidemic
Campylobacter diagnosis
preputial smegma/vaginal mucus (Clarks transport media) culture, direct swear, FA
Which of the following agents may cause increased prevalence of pyometras and very early-gestation pregnancies?
tritrichomonas foetus
Which of the following is an example of a non-venereal infectious disease that can cause fetal septicemia and abortion?
salmonella
Cattle are no longer dependent on CLs to maintain pregnancy after which day of pregnancy?
150 days
BVDV PI calves are exposed to maternal infection before which day of gestation?
120 days
brucella abortus main sign effect
placentitis
cattle virus thats associated with resp symptoms, abortions, conjunctivitis
BHV-1 = infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
most common cause of sporadic abortion worldwide
mycotic - aspergillus fumigatus
what is a BSE used to identify
sub-fertile or sterile bulls
why would a bull be defered
less likely to achieve similar preg rates (e.g. proximal droplets)
retest in 15-30 days
basic BSE actions (4)
external PE
rectal palpation of accessory sex gland
visual testicular inspection/palpation
ejaculate collection/semen evaluation
what determines an unsatisfactory potential breeder
cryptorchid
hypoplastic epididymis
persistent frenulum
cause?
treatment?
heritable - do NOT use for breeding unless calf is for meat
surgically corrected - cut, defer and recheck
