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VM749 Clin Sci III > Bovine Repro > Flashcards

Bovine Repro Flashcards

1
Q

cow gestation

A

9 months (280 days)

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2
Q

when are beef cattle preg checked

A

3-4 months

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3
Q

when are dairy cattle preg checked

A

39 days

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4
Q

how long is a dairy cattles lactation

A

305 days

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5
Q

how long is a airy cattles calving interval

A

12 months

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6
Q

how long is a dairy cattles dry period

A

60 days

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7
Q

how long is a dairy cattles DIM

A

100 days

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8
Q

bovine maternal recognition of pregnancy

A

IFN-t
day 16

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9
Q

bovine time in estrus

A

12-18 hrs

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10
Q

how long does it take from estrus to fertilization

A

36 hours

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11
Q

how long does it take for sperm transport and capacitation

A

24 hours

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12
Q

when does placenta take over progesterone supplementation in cattle

A

150 days

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13
Q

4 definitive signs for diagnosing pregnancy in cattle

A

membrane slip
placentation
amniotic vesicle
fetus

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14
Q

freemartinism

A

infertile
incomplete female repro tract

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15
Q

segmental aplasia (white heifer disease)

A

incomplete/missing repro tract
cycle normally
impacts fertility

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16
Q

uterus unicornus

A

cycle normally
can conceive but maybe delayed conception
pregnancy/delivery complications

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17
Q

double cervix

A

complicated breeding
lower conception rates

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18
Q

common cause of infertility in cattle

A

cystic ovaries

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19
Q

most common ovarian tumor in cattle and horses

A

granulosa cell tumor

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20
Q

how does uterine involution affect subsequent fertility

when does size reduction occur? epithelializton?

A

involution is linked to subsequent fertility bc proper involution prepares uterus for next pregnancy

size reduction 30 days
epithelialization 45 days

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21
Q

factors causing retained fetal membranes

A

dystocia
milk fever
vitamin E/Se def
immune dysfunction

22
Q

treatment for retained placenta

A

manual removal
oxytocin
prostaglandins
intrauterine infusion

23
Q

occurs < 10 days after calving, usually 2-4 days
large fluid filled uterus
thin dark foul discharge
systemic signs

A

metritis

24
Q

occurs > 26 days after calving
normal uterus, cervix enlarged
thick white discharge
no systemic signs

A

endometritis

25
Q

treatment of pyometra

A

prostaglandins
evacuating uterus

26
Q

abx for metritis

A

penicillin G
ceftiofur
ampicillin

27
Q

what do you call a pregnancy lost within the first 40 days

A

early embryonic death (EED)

28
Q

what do you call a pregnancy lost between 40-260 days of gestation

A

fetal abortion

29
Q

what do you call calves less than 24 hours old showing various signs of weakness

A

weak neonates

30
Q

most comm cause of stillborn calves

A

asphyxia

31
Q

what is considered a premature birth

A

260 days to term

32
Q

what is considered a stillbirth

A

born dead at normal gestational age

33
Q

causes of EED

A

genetic
environmental - nutrition, toxin, hormones, palpation

34
Q

main cause of abortion

A

infectious

35
Q

what are the two venereal transmission diseases

A

tritrichomonas fetus
campylobacter

36
Q

diagnostics for tritrichomonas

A

preputial scraping - trich PCR

37
Q

C. fetus

A

ingestion = sporadic abortion in cattle, enzootic in sheep
zoonotic

38
Q

C. venerealis

A

infertility
epidemic

39
Q

Campylobacter diagnosis

A

preputial smegma/vaginal mucus (Clarks transport media) culture, direct swear, FA

40
Q

Which of the following agents may cause increased prevalence of pyometras and very early-gestation pregnancies?

A

tritrichomonas foetus

41
Q

Which of the following is an example of a non-venereal infectious disease that can cause fetal septicemia and abortion?

A

salmonella

42
Q

Cattle are no longer dependent on CLs to maintain pregnancy after which day of pregnancy?

A

150 days

43
Q

BVDV PI calves are exposed to maternal infection before which day of gestation?

A

120 days

44
Q

brucella abortus main sign effect

A

placentitis

45
Q

cattle virus thats associated with resp symptoms, abortions, conjunctivitis

A

BHV-1 = infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

46
Q

most common cause of sporadic abortion worldwide

A

mycotic - aspergillus fumigatus

47
Q

what is a BSE used to identify

A

sub-fertile or sterile bulls

48
Q

why would a bull be defered

A

less likely to achieve similar preg rates (e.g. proximal droplets)

retest in 15-30 days

49
Q

basic BSE actions (4)

A

external PE
rectal palpation of accessory sex gland
visual testicular inspection/palpation
ejaculate collection/semen evaluation

50
Q

what determines an unsatisfactory potential breeder

A

cryptorchid
hypoplastic epididymis

51
Q

persistent frenulum
cause?
treatment?

A

heritable - do NOT use for breeding unless calf is for meat

surgically corrected - cut, defer and recheck

VM749 Clin Sci III (15 decks)

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