Canine Injuries Flashcards
what are the anatomic components involved in Medial Shoulder Instability/Syndrome
medial glenohumeral ligament (medial collateral ligament)
subscapularis
etiology of medial shoulder instability/syndrome
unknown- thought to be repetitive microtrauma/overstretching
an agility, flyball, hunting adult canine with mild-moderate chronic lameness and decreased performance may have what shoulder disease?
medial shoulder instability/syndrome
how can you tentatively diagnose medial shoulder instability/syndrome?
painful abduction
radiographs
measure abduction angle (>30)
how can you confirmatory diagnose medial shoulder instability/syndrome?
arthroscopy
MRI
US
if a dog has mild-moderate medial shoulder instability/syndrome, what treatment?
rehab, hobbles, shockwave therapy
if a dog has severe (luxation) medial shoulder instability/syndrome, what treatment?
surgery (radiofrequency shrinkage, prosthetic ligament reconstruction or tendon transposition)
etiology of OCD of the shoulder
genetics
nutrition (excess Ca or calories)
ddx for OCD of the shoulder
elbow dysplasia
panosteitis
treatment for OCD lesion of the shoulder? prognosis?
osteochondroplasty (flap removal)
osteoarthritis management
excellent for caudal, good for caudo-central
OCD lesion of the shoulder diagnostics?
radiographs
pain of flexion of shoulder
a middle-aged medium/large breed athletic dog with progressive lameness and exacerbated with exercise, may have what shoulder disease?
biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy
diagnostics tests for biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy
radiographs
if normal, US
treatment for biceps tendinopathy
PT/rehab
medical - corticosteroids (triamacinolone)
surgical - tenodesis, tenotomy
treatment for supraspinatus tendinopathy
PT/rehab
medical - shock wave, PRP
surgical - tendon resection, release humeral lig, release incisions of supraspinatus
Older dog with periosteal proliferation around distal bones “palisade formation” with a lung or abdominal mass?
hypertrophic osteopathy
which joint with an OCD lesion has the best prognosis?
shoulder
treatment of OCD lesions in canines
flap removal
focal procedures (OATS)
regenerative - stem cells/PRP
3-6 month old large breed dog who is recumbent, systemically ill with swollen/hot/painful metaphysis, what would i suspect to find on radiographs?
double physeal line = hypertrophic osteodystrophy
treatment for hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)
supportive care:
analgesia, NSAIDs, GI protect, rest (mild)
enteral nutrition, antibiotics (severe)
7-16 month old german shepherd with shifting limb lameness and painful diaphyseal regions, what would I expect?
panosteitis
treatment for panosteitis? prognosis?
self limiting
check diet for excess protein
NSAID/pain med
excellent prognosis
a dog was HBC and has a dorsal hip luxation, what would be the treatment?
closed reduction + ehmer sling for 10-14 days
a dog was HBC and has a ventral hip luxation, what would be the treatment?
closed reduction + hobblers for 14 days
if a closed reduction of a luxated hip is unsuccessful, what would be the next steps
open reduction and stabilization
FHO
THR
what is legg-calve perthes disease, common breeds and what is the treatment?
aseptic necrosis of the femoral head
toys/terriers
FHO
if a dog has pain during a sagittal plane ROM exam (extension/flexion) what would be my ddx
hip dysplasia
CCLD
neuro and flexor muscle disease
juvenile < 5 months - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment
ortolani
PENNHIP rad
JPS
immature (5-14 months) - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment
ortolani
OFA-like rad, pennhip only if no obvious sublux
TPO
adult (>14 months) - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment
OFA-like rad
medical or THR or FHO
treatment for muscle-tendon injury
apposition - 3 loop pulley
immobilization - splint/cast 6 wks
suture pattern for small tendons?
locking loop
suture pattern for flat tendons?
baseball loop
diagnostics for a ligamentous injury
stress radiographs
ultrasound or MRI
tarsal OCD treatment
arthroscopy/arthrotomy
OA management
treatment of MILD carpal hyperextension (not dropped)
coaptation
treatment of SEVERE carpal hyperextension
arthrodesis
pan (all joints)
partial (distal joints only NOT antebrachiocarpal joint)
what are the two diseases that result from radioulnar incongruity
UAP
MCD
diagnostics for Medial Compartment Disease
arthroscopy or CT
rads (subtrochlear sclerosis of ulna)
campbell’s test
causes of ununited anconeal process
nutrition, genetics, trauma, OCD
incongruity (short ulna)
premature closure of distal ulnar physis
diagnostic test for UAP
flexed lateral radiograph
treatment for UAP (short ulna)
ulna osteotomy (proximal in adults, distal in growing)
removal
lag-screw fixation
treatment for MCD (long ulna/short radius)
ulna ostectomy
OA management
OCD of the elbow - most common location and diagnostics
medial humeral condyle
rads, CT or arthroscopy
OCD of the elbow treatment
excision of cartilage flap
curettage and picking of bone
OATS
PE findings on a dog with a CrCL injury
+ sit test
quad atrophy
medial buttress
effusion
pain on ROM
cranial drawer instability (not all the time)
what treatment if the TPA is > 30
TPLO
why does secondary meniscal injury occur with CrCL injury
caudal pole of medial meniscal gets caught on the tibia during instability
three treatment options for CrCL injury
excap stabilization
TTA
TPLO
when might conservative management be best for a patient with CrCL injury
dogs < 15kg with acceptable limb function
MPL grade?
Subluxates with digital pressure but spontaneously reduces
treatment?
grade 1
sx only if clinically sig
MPL grade?
Luxates manually & spontaneously
Can be manually reduced or spontaneously reduces
“Spends most of its time in the groove”
Intermittent lameness or “skipping lameness”
treatment?
grade 2
surgery recommended
MPL grade?
Patella is luxated, but can be manually reduced
May walk crouched with stifle semi-flexed
Patella spends more time “out than in”
treatment?
grade 3
surgery recommended
MPL grade?
Permanently luxated & cannot be reduced
May carry limb or walk crouched
Severe gait changes (hand-stands)
treatment?
grade 4
surgery but may not be repairable
MPL treatment when shallow trochlear groove
trochleoplasty
MPL treatment when malposition of tibial tuberosity
tibial tuberosity transposition
MPL treatment when distal femoral varus
distal femoral osteotomy
MPL treatment when excessive laxity and fibrosis of soft tissues
fascia imbrication and/or release OR anti-rotation suture (aka ExCap)
