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VM749 Clin Sci III > Canine Injuries > Flashcards

Canine Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what are the anatomic components involved in Medial Shoulder Instability/Syndrome

A

medial glenohumeral ligament (medial collateral ligament)
subscapularis

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2
Q

etiology of medial shoulder instability/syndrome

A

unknown- thought to be repetitive microtrauma/overstretching

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3
Q

an agility, flyball, hunting adult canine with mild-moderate chronic lameness and decreased performance may have what shoulder disease?

A

medial shoulder instability/syndrome

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4
Q

how can you tentatively diagnose medial shoulder instability/syndrome?

A

painful abduction
radiographs
measure abduction angle (>30)

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5
Q

how can you confirmatory diagnose medial shoulder instability/syndrome?

A

arthroscopy
MRI
US

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6
Q

if a dog has mild-moderate medial shoulder instability/syndrome, what treatment?

A

rehab, hobbles, shockwave therapy

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7
Q

if a dog has severe (luxation) medial shoulder instability/syndrome, what treatment?

A

surgery (radiofrequency shrinkage, prosthetic ligament reconstruction or tendon transposition)

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8
Q

etiology of OCD of the shoulder

A

genetics
nutrition (excess Ca or calories)

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9
Q

ddx for OCD of the shoulder

A

elbow dysplasia
panosteitis

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10
Q

treatment for OCD lesion of the shoulder? prognosis?

A

osteochondroplasty (flap removal)
osteoarthritis management

excellent for caudal, good for caudo-central

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11
Q

OCD lesion of the shoulder diagnostics?

A

radiographs
pain of flexion of shoulder

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12
Q

a middle-aged medium/large breed athletic dog with progressive lameness and exacerbated with exercise, may have what shoulder disease?

A

biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy

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13
Q

diagnostics tests for biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy

A

radiographs
if normal, US

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14
Q

treatment for biceps tendinopathy

A

PT/rehab
medical - corticosteroids (triamacinolone)
surgical - tenodesis, tenotomy

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15
Q

treatment for supraspinatus tendinopathy

A

PT/rehab
medical - shock wave, PRP
surgical - tendon resection, release humeral lig, release incisions of supraspinatus

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16
Q

Older dog with periosteal proliferation around distal bones “palisade formation” with a lung or abdominal mass?

A

hypertrophic osteopathy

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17
Q

which joint with an OCD lesion has the best prognosis?

A

shoulder

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18
Q

treatment of OCD lesions in canines

A

flap removal
focal procedures (OATS)
regenerative - stem cells/PRP

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19
Q

3-6 month old large breed dog who is recumbent, systemically ill with swollen/hot/painful metaphysis, what would i suspect to find on radiographs?

A

double physeal line = hypertrophic osteodystrophy

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20
Q

treatment for hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)

A

supportive care:
analgesia, NSAIDs, GI protect, rest (mild)
enteral nutrition, antibiotics (severe)

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21
Q

7-16 month old german shepherd with shifting limb lameness and painful diaphyseal regions, what would I expect?

A

panosteitis

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22
Q

treatment for panosteitis? prognosis?

A

self limiting
check diet for excess protein
NSAID/pain med
excellent prognosis

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23
Q

a dog was HBC and has a dorsal hip luxation, what would be the treatment?

A

closed reduction + ehmer sling for 10-14 days

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24
Q

a dog was HBC and has a ventral hip luxation, what would be the treatment?

A

closed reduction + hobblers for 14 days

25
Q

if a closed reduction of a luxated hip is unsuccessful, what would be the next steps

A

open reduction and stabilization
FHO
THR

26
Q

what is legg-calve perthes disease, common breeds and what is the treatment?

A

aseptic necrosis of the femoral head
toys/terriers
FHO

27
Q

if a dog has pain during a sagittal plane ROM exam (extension/flexion) what would be my ddx

A

hip dysplasia
CCLD
neuro and flexor muscle disease

28
Q

juvenile < 5 months - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment

A

ortolani
PENNHIP rad

JPS

29
Q

immature (5-14 months) - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment

A

ortolani
OFA-like rad, pennhip only if no obvious sublux

TPO

30
Q

adult (>14 months) - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment

A

OFA-like rad

medical or THR or FHO

31
Q

treatment for muscle-tendon injury

A

apposition - 3 loop pulley
immobilization - splint/cast 6 wks

32
Q

suture pattern for small tendons?

A

locking loop

33
Q

suture pattern for flat tendons?

A

baseball loop

34
Q

diagnostics for a ligamentous injury

A

stress radiographs
ultrasound or MRI

35
Q

tarsal OCD treatment

A

arthroscopy/arthrotomy
OA management

36
Q

treatment of MILD carpal hyperextension (not dropped)

A

coaptation

37
Q

treatment of SEVERE carpal hyperextension

A

arthrodesis
pan (all joints)
partial (distal joints only NOT antebrachiocarpal joint)

38
Q

what are the two diseases that result from radioulnar incongruity

A

UAP
MCD

39
Q

diagnostics for Medial Compartment Disease

A

arthroscopy or CT
rads (subtrochlear sclerosis of ulna)
campbell’s test

40
Q

causes of ununited anconeal process

A

nutrition, genetics, trauma, OCD
incongruity (short ulna)
premature closure of distal ulnar physis

41
Q

diagnostic test for UAP

A

flexed lateral radiograph

42
Q

treatment for UAP (short ulna)

A

ulna osteotomy (proximal in adults, distal in growing)
removal
lag-screw fixation

43
Q

treatment for MCD (long ulna/short radius)

A

ulna ostectomy
OA management

44
Q

OCD of the elbow - most common location and diagnostics

A

medial humeral condyle

rads, CT or arthroscopy

45
Q

OCD of the elbow treatment

A

excision of cartilage flap
curettage and picking of bone
OATS

46
Q

PE findings on a dog with a CrCL injury

A

+ sit test
quad atrophy
medial buttress
effusion
pain on ROM
cranial drawer instability (not all the time)

47
Q

what treatment if the TPA is > 30

A

TPLO

48
Q

why does secondary meniscal injury occur with CrCL injury

A

caudal pole of medial meniscal gets caught on the tibia during instability

49
Q

three treatment options for CrCL injury

A

excap stabilization
TTA
TPLO

50
Q

when might conservative management be best for a patient with CrCL injury

A

dogs < 15kg with acceptable limb function

51
Q

MPL grade?
Subluxates with digital pressure but spontaneously reduces
treatment?

A

grade 1

sx only if clinically sig

52
Q

MPL grade?
Luxates manually & spontaneously
Can be manually reduced or spontaneously reduces
“Spends most of its time in the groove”
Intermittent lameness or “skipping lameness”

treatment?

A

grade 2

surgery recommended

53
Q

MPL grade?
Patella is luxated, but can be manually reduced
May walk crouched with stifle semi-flexed
Patella spends more time “out than in”
treatment?

A

grade 3

surgery recommended

54
Q

MPL grade?
Permanently luxated & cannot be reduced
May carry limb or walk crouched
Severe gait changes (hand-stands)
treatment?

A

grade 4

surgery but may not be repairable

55
Q

MPL treatment when shallow trochlear groove

A

trochleoplasty

56
Q

MPL treatment when malposition of tibial tuberosity

A

tibial tuberosity transposition

57
Q

MPL treatment when distal femoral varus

A

distal femoral osteotomy

58
Q

MPL treatment when excessive laxity and fibrosis of soft tissues

A

fascia imbrication and/or release OR anti-rotation suture (aka ExCap)

VM749 Clin Sci III (15 decks)

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