Canine Injuries

Question 1

what are the anatomic components involved in Medial Shoulder Instability/Syndrome

Answer 1

medial glenohumeral ligament (medial collateral ligament)
subscapularis

Question 2

etiology of medial shoulder instability/syndrome

Answer 2

unknown- thought to be repetitive microtrauma/overstretching

Question 3

an agility, flyball, hunting adult canine with mild-moderate chronic lameness and decreased performance may have what shoulder disease?

Answer 3

medial shoulder instability/syndrome

Question 4

how can you tentatively diagnose medial shoulder instability/syndrome?

Answer 4

painful abduction
radiographs
measure abduction angle (>30)

Question 5

how can you confirmatory diagnose medial shoulder instability/syndrome?

Answer 5

arthroscopy
MRI
US

Question 6

if a dog has mild-moderate medial shoulder instability/syndrome, what treatment?

Answer 6

rehab, hobbles, shockwave therapy

Question 7

if a dog has severe (luxation) medial shoulder instability/syndrome, what treatment?

Answer 7

surgery (radiofrequency shrinkage, prosthetic ligament reconstruction or tendon transposition)

Question 8

etiology of OCD of the shoulder

Answer 8

genetics
nutrition (excess Ca or calories)

Question 9

ddx for OCD of the shoulder

Answer 9

elbow dysplasia
panosteitis

Question 10

treatment for OCD lesion of the shoulder? prognosis?

Answer 10

osteochondroplasty (flap removal)
osteoarthritis management

excellent for caudal, good for caudo-central

Question 11

OCD lesion of the shoulder diagnostics?

Answer 11

radiographs
pain of flexion of shoulder

Question 12

a middle-aged medium/large breed athletic dog with progressive lameness and exacerbated with exercise, may have what shoulder disease?

Answer 12

biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy

Question 13

diagnostics tests for biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy

Answer 13

radiographs
if normal, US

Question 14

treatment for biceps tendinopathy

Answer 14

PT/rehab
medical - corticosteroids (triamacinolone)
surgical - tenodesis, tenotomy

Question 15

treatment for supraspinatus tendinopathy

Answer 15

PT/rehab
medical - shock wave, PRP
surgical - tendon resection, release humeral lig, release incisions of supraspinatus

Question 16

Older dog with periosteal proliferation around distal bones “palisade formation” with a lung or abdominal mass?

Answer 16

hypertrophic osteopathy

Question 17

which joint with an OCD lesion has the best prognosis?

Answer 17

shoulder

Question 18

treatment of OCD lesions in canines

Answer 18

flap removal
focal procedures (OATS)
regenerative - stem cells/PRP

Question 19

3-6 month old large breed dog who is recumbent, systemically ill with swollen/hot/painful metaphysis, what would i suspect to find on radiographs?

Answer 19

double physeal line = hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Question 20

treatment for hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)

Answer 20

supportive care:
analgesia, NSAIDs, GI protect, rest (mild)
enteral nutrition, antibiotics (severe)

Question 21

7-16 month old german shepherd with shifting limb lameness and painful diaphyseal regions, what would I expect?

Answer 21

panosteitis

Question 22

treatment for panosteitis? prognosis?

Answer 22

self limiting
check diet for excess protein
NSAID/pain med
excellent prognosis

Question 23

a dog was HBC and has a dorsal hip luxation, what would be the treatment?

Answer 23

closed reduction + ehmer sling for 10-14 days

Question 24

a dog was HBC and has a ventral hip luxation, what would be the treatment?

Answer 24

closed reduction + hobblers for 14 days

Question 25

if a closed reduction of a luxated hip is unsuccessful, what would be the next steps

Answer 25

open reduction and stabilization FHO THR

Question 26

what is legg-calve perthes disease, common breeds and what is the treatment?

Answer 26

aseptic necrosis of the femoral head toys/terriers FHO

Question 27

if a dog has pain during a sagittal plane ROM exam (extension/flexion) what would be my ddx

Answer 27

hip dysplasia CCLD neuro and flexor muscle disease

Question 28

juvenile < 5 months - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment

Answer 28

ortolani PENNHIP rad JPS

Question 29

immature (5-14 months) - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment

Answer 29

ortolani OFA-like rad, pennhip only if no obvious sublux TPO

Question 30

adult (>14 months) - what diagnostics for HD would I do and treatment

Answer 30

OFA-like rad medical or THR or FHO

Question 31

treatment for muscle-tendon injury

Answer 31

apposition - 3 loop pulley immobilization - splint/cast 6 wks

Question 32

suture pattern for small tendons?

Answer 32

locking loop

Question 33

suture pattern for flat tendons?

Answer 33

baseball loop

Question 34

diagnostics for a ligamentous injury

Answer 34

stress radiographs ultrasound or MRI

Question 35

tarsal OCD treatment

Answer 35

arthroscopy/arthrotomy OA management

Question 36

treatment of MILD carpal hyperextension (not dropped)

Answer 36

coaptation

Question 37

treatment of SEVERE carpal hyperextension

Answer 37

arthrodesis pan (all joints) partial (distal joints only NOT antebrachiocarpal joint)

Question 38

what are the two diseases that result from radioulnar incongruity

Answer 38

UAP MCD

Question 39

diagnostics for Medial Compartment Disease

Answer 39

arthroscopy or CT rads (subtrochlear sclerosis of ulna) campbell's test

Question 40

causes of ununited anconeal process

Answer 40

nutrition, genetics, trauma, OCD incongruity (short ulna) premature closure of distal ulnar physis

Question 41

diagnostic test for UAP

Answer 41

flexed lateral radiograph

Question 42

treatment for UAP (short ulna)

Answer 42

ulna osteotomy (proximal in adults, distal in growing) removal lag-screw fixation

Question 43

treatment for MCD (long ulna/short radius)

Answer 43

ulna ostectomy OA management

Question 44

OCD of the elbow - most common location and diagnostics

Answer 44

medial humeral condyle rads, CT or arthroscopy

Question 45

OCD of the elbow treatment

Answer 45

excision of cartilage flap curettage and picking of bone OATS

Question 46

PE findings on a dog with a CrCL injury

Answer 46

+ sit test quad atrophy medial buttress effusion pain on ROM cranial drawer instability (not all the time)

Question 47

what treatment if the TPA is > 30

Answer 47

TPLO

Question 48

why does secondary meniscal injury occur with CrCL injury

Answer 48

caudal pole of medial meniscal gets caught on the tibia during instability

Question 49

three treatment options for CrCL injury

Answer 49

excap stabilization TTA TPLO

Question 50

when might conservative management be best for a patient with CrCL injury

Answer 50

dogs < 15kg with acceptable limb function

Question 51

MPL grade? Subluxates with digital pressure but spontaneously reduces treatment?

Answer 51

grade 1 sx only if clinically sig

Question 52

MPL grade? Luxates manually & spontaneously Can be manually reduced or spontaneously reduces “Spends most of its time in the groove” Intermittent lameness or “skipping lameness” treatment?

Answer 52

grade 2 surgery recommended

Question 53

MPL grade? Patella is luxated, but can be manually reduced May walk crouched with stifle semi-flexed Patella spends more time “out than in” treatment?

Answer 53

grade 3 surgery recommended

Question 54

MPL grade? Permanently luxated & cannot be reduced May carry limb or walk crouched Severe gait changes (hand-stands) treatment?

Answer 54

grade 4 surgery but may not be repairable

Question 55

MPL treatment when shallow trochlear groove

Answer 55

trochleoplasty

Question 56

MPL treatment when malposition of tibial tuberosity

Answer 56

tibial tuberosity transposition

Question 57

MPL treatment when distal femoral varus

Answer 57

distal femoral osteotomy

Question 58

MPL treatment when excessive laxity and fibrosis of soft tissues

Answer 58

fascia imbrication and/or release OR anti-rotation suture (aka ExCap)