Food Animal Lameness Flashcards
distribution of weight bearing in the front feet
medial claws
distribution of weight bearing in the hind feet
lateral claws
stance of ruminants with painful medial claws
more common in forelimbs
adduct limb placing more weight on lateral claws
stance of ruminants with painful lateral claws
more common in hindlimbs
abduct limb to place more weight on medial claws
limb may be held slightly outwardly rotated position
how to best assess a swollen foot from rear of the animal?
declaw spread to assess swelling
bilateral declaw spreading indicative of?
interdigital disease
unilateral declaw spreading indicative of?
septic synovial structure
how do overgrown (untrimmed) feet change the distribution of weight of the foot
shift weight bearing in palmar/plantar direction
what diseases can occur if feet remain untrimmed
bruising or pressure necrosis of the heel = sole ulcer or rusterholz ulcer
+ increased strain on flexor tendons
two most common causes of foot lameness in livestock
digital dermatitis
foot rot
digital dermatitis
bacteria?
invasion location?
lesion appearance?
treponema spp
bacteria invade EPIDERMIS = no edema/swelling
palmar/plantar aspect of interdigital skin/above heel bulb
early digital dermatitis lesion?
red, eroded granular lesion
advanced digital dermatitis lesion?
papillomatous - hypertrophy, wart like, raised conical projection
treatment for digital dermatitis
isolate
topical abx (oxytetracycline)
NSAIDs
why does topical therapy work for digital dermatitis?
bacteria invade epidermis thus topical oxytetracycline works, parenteral abx NOT needed
preventative measures for digital dermatitis
dry conditions
biosecurity
clean hoof trimmers/equipment
spray feet with topical disinfectant/antiseptic/abx
foot baths
Explain why laminitis in cattle is considered a dietary disease
high concentrate (rapidly fermentable carbs) = ruminal acidosis
common findings of a laminitic sole, white line, and (weeks later) hoof wall
sole - hemorrhage
white line - hemorhage + abscess
hoof wall - “hardship rings”
what is “gravel”
when white line abscess ascends between corium and hoof wall and rupture out at the coronet
do sole abscesses have generalized swelling?
NO
proper method to pare out sole abscess?
Cone shaped - widest at sole surface, narrows proximally (prevents sole defect from sealing over and re-trapping bacteria)
appearance of bovine foot rot lesion
malodorous infection of interdigital skin and SQ tissue = generalized soft tissue swelling
treatment for bovine foot rot
parenteral abx! - bacteria located deep in the skin (dermis/SQ) so topical will not reach the infection
prevention steps for confined cattle
environmental hygiene
nutrition
footbath
education
prevention for pasture cattle
rotate pasture
minerals
avoid flooded areas, inclines to drain
bacteria of BFR
Fusobacterium necrophorum
bacteria of ovine foot rot
Dichelobacter nodosus
is BFR contagious? OFR?
BFR - no
OFR - yes
is the vaccine effective for digital dermatitis or BFR?
NO
