Neuro Mod 3

Question 1

Controls the voluntary actions
and convey sensory information.

Answer 1

Somatic Nervous System

Question 2

Controls the involuntary actions
and regulates the viscera,
vasculature, and glands.

Answer 2

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 3

Act in conjunction with
visceral motor fibers to
control visceral functions.

Answer 3

Visceral Sensory Fibers

Question 4

Carry Sensory Information
from Viscera to CNS

Answer 4

Visceral Sensory Fibers

Question 5

Related to special sensory
senses.

Answer 5

Special Sensory Fibers

Question 6

Not classified on both ANS
or Somatic but can modulate
somatic nervous system.

Answer 6

Special Sensory Fibers

Question 7

Regulates homeostasis and
reproduction.

Answer 7

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 8

Regulating the activity of internal
organs and vasculature.

Answer 8

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 9

Regulates circulation, respiration,
digestion, metabolism, secretions, body temperature, and
reproduction.

Answer 9

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 10

respond to pressure and to stretch

Answer 10

Mechanoreceptors

Question 11

sensitive to
chemical concentrations in the
blood.

Answer 11

Chemoreceptors

Question 12

typically, most
responsive to stretch, ischemia, and
pain stimulus

Answer 12

Nociceptors

Question 13

hypothalamus
responds to very small changes in
the temperature of circulating
blood. cutaneous thermoreceptors
respond to external temperature
changes.

Answer 13

Thermoreceptors

Question 14

What are the 2 Afferent pathways

Answer 14

1. To the Spinal Cord
2. To Brainstem

Question 15

Sympathetic and
parasympathetic

Answer 15

Efferent

Question 16

Information from visceral receptors
enters the central nervous system by two
routes which are?

Answer 16

1. into the spinal cord via the dorsal
   roots
2. into the brainstem via cranial
   nerves

Question 17

What is the role of the Hypothalamus, Thalamus,
and Limbic System

Answer 17

modulate brainstem autonomic
control.

Question 18

often
achieved by integrating information
from peripheral afferents with
information from receptors within
the central nervous system.

Answer 18

Autonomic regulation

Question 19

connections from the central
nervous system to autonomic
effectors uses what?

Answer 19

two-neuron
pathway

Question 20

neuron extending
from the central nervous system.

Answer 20

Pre-Ganglionic:

Question 21

The neuron
connecting the ganglion with the
effector organ.

Answer 21

Post-ganglionic

Question 22

Neurons that secrete acetylcholine
are called what?

Answer 22

cholinergic

Question 23

Neurons that secrete
norepinephrine or epinephrine are
called what?

Answer 23

adrenergic

Question 24

The chemical released by all
presynaptic autonomic neurons is what?

Answer 24

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 25

Receptors on all postganglionic neurons are what?

Answer 25

nicotinic.

Question 26

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release what?

Answer 26

norepinephrine (NE)

Question 27

The adrenal medulla releases what? in the bloodstream?

Answer 27

epinephrine

Question 28

activated by a muscarine -- a poison derived from mushrooms.

Answer 28

Muscarinic receptors

Question 29

binding to muscarinic receptors initiates a G-protein–mediated response.

Answer 29

Acetylcholine

Question 30

regulate glands, smooth muscles, and heart rate.

Answer 30

Parasympathetic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 31

activate through nicotine from the tobacco.

Answer 31

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 32

Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic autonomic receptors, located on all postsynaptic autonomic neurons and the adrenal medulla causes what?

Answer 32

fast EPSP in the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 33

activates acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle membranes and in limbic areas of the brain.

Answer 33

Nicotine

Question 34

part of the sympathetic system, is specialized to release epinephrine and norepinephrine directly into the blood.

Answer 34

Adrenal Medulla

Question 35

receptors that bind norepinephrine or epinephrine.

Answer 35

Adrenergic Receptors

Question 36

Main role: the optimal blood supply in the organs.

Answer 36

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 37

The role of the sympathetic nervous system is often illustrated by describing the physiologic responses to what?

Answer 37

fear

Question 38

Location of Sympathetic Efferent Neurons

Answer 38

lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter

Question 39

Thoracolumbar outflow of Sympathetic Efferent Neurons

Answer 39

T1 to L2 levels.

Question 40

Innervation of Sympathetic Efferent Neurons

Answer 40

adrenal medulla, vasculature, sweat glands, erectors of hair cells, and the viscera

Question 41

Where is the Postganglionic neuron

Answer 41

paravertebral ganglion.

Question 42

What axon enters a peripheral nerve via a connecting branch

Answer 42

Postganglionic axon

Question 43

superior and stellate ganglia innervate arteries of the face, dilate the pupil of the eye and assist in elevating the upper eyelid.

Answer 43

Post-Ganglionic fiber

Question 44

descends with fibers from the middle cervical ganglion to supply the heart and the blood vessels of UL.

Answer 44

Cervicothoracic Ganglion

Question 45

from the lower lumbar and parasacral paravertebral ganglia innervate blood vessels in the lower limbs. pp174

Answer 45

Postganglionic neurons

Question 46

Blood flow in the skin is controlled by __________ in the smooth muscles of arterioles.

Answer 46

α-adrenergic receptors

Question 47

increases the metabolic rate throughout the body.

Answer 47

Epinephrine

Question 48

increasing heart rate and contractility when β1- adrenergic receptors are activated in cardiac muscle.

Answer 48

Thoracic viscera

Question 49

Drugs that bind with a receptor but do not activate the receptor.

Answer 49

Blockers

Question 50

Drugs that activate receptors.

Answer 50

Agonists

Question 51

contract sphincters and decrease blood flow,

Answer 51

Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 52

Its function is energy conservation and storage.

Answer 52

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 53

preganglionic cell bodies are found in nuclei of the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord.

Answer 53

Craniosacral Outflow

Question 54

Parasympathetic information from the brainstem travels in cranial nerves to where?

Answer 54

outlying ganglia.

Question 55

Oculomotor constricts pupil and increase the convexity of the lens of the eye for focusing on close objects.

Answer 55

CN III

Question 56

innervate salivary glands.

Answer 56

CN VII and IX

Question 57

75% of parasympathetic fibers

Answer 57

CN X

Question 58

Location of cell bodies:

Answer 58

lateral horn of sacral levels S2-S4.

Question 59

bradycardia (slowing of the heart rate) or decreased cardiac contraction force bronchoconstriction and increases secretion of mucus.

Answer 59

Vagus Nerve Activity

Question 60

Physical change that takes place in the body stimulates the flight and fight response from the stress-related hormones in the body.

Answer 60

Science of stress

Question 61

short-lived changes in stress hormone levels in the body

Answer 61

Eustress

Question 62

short term stress or episodic stress

Answer 62

Acute Stress

Question 63

Long terms stress or toxic stress

Answer 63

Chronic stress

Question 64

breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure increase.

Answer 64

Stress

Question 65

responsible for the immediate reactions we feel when stressed.

Answer 65

Adrenaline

Question 66

similar to adrenaline; primary function: arousal

Answer 66

Norepinephrine

Question 67

steroid hormone, commonly known as the stress hormone, produced by the adrenal glands.

Answer 67

Cortisol